Some Basic Annotation to The Hidden Pearl: The Syrian Orthodox Church And Its Ancient Aramaic Heritage, I-III (Rome, 2001)
Sebastian P.
Brock
University of Oxford
Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute
George A. Kiraz
James E. Walters
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Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute
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Vol. 5, No. 1
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Sebastian P. Brock
Some Basic Annotation to The Hidden Pearl: The Syrian Orthodox Church And Its Ancient Aramaic Heritage, I-III (Rome, 2001)
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Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies
Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute, 2002
vol 5
issue 1
Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies is an electronic journal dedicated to the study
of the Syriac tradition, published semi-annually (in January and July) by Beth
Mardutho: The Syriac Institute. Published since 1998, Hugoye seeks to offer the
best scholarship available in the field of Syriac studies.
Syriac Studies
The Hidden Pearl
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The
three volumes, entitled The Hidden Pearl. The Syrian
Orthodox Church and its Ancient Aramaic Heritage, published
by TransWorld Film Italia in 2001, were commisioned to
accompany three documentaries. The connecting thread throughout
the three millennia that are covered is the Aramaic language
with its various dialects, though the emphasis is always on the
users of the language, rather than the language itself. Since
the documentaries were commissioned by the Syrian Orthodox
community, part of the third volume focuses on developments
specific to them, but elsewhere the aim has been to be
inclusive, not only of the other Syriac Churches, but also of
other communities using Aramaic, both in the past and, to some
extent at least, in the present.
The
volumes were written with a non-specialist audience in mind and
so there are no footnotes; since, however, some of the
inscriptions and manuscripts etc. which are referred to may not
always be readily identifiable to scholars, the opportunity has
been taken to benefit from the hospitality of Hugoye in
order to provide some basic annotation, in addition to the
section For Further Reading at the end of each volume.
Needless to say, in providing this annotation no attempt has
been made to provide a proper bibliography to all the different
topics covered; rather, the aim is simply to provide specific
references for some of the more obscure items.
Vol. I,
The Ancient Aramaic Heritage (by S.P. Brock and D.G.K.
Taylor) covers the first millenium BC and (for Palmyra, Petra,
Hatra and pre-Christian Edessa) continues up to the third
century AD). Contents: ch.1, Introduction; ch.2, Aramaic
among the languages of the Middle East; ch.3, The Aramaic
scripts and the history of the alphabet; ch.4, The Aramaean
Kingdoms; ch.5, Religion and Culture; ch.6, Aramaic as the
official language of the Achaemenid Empire; ch.7, The
aftermath of Alexanders conquests: Aramaic in the Hellenistic
period; ch.8, Relics of Aramaic literature from the first
millennium BC.
Vol II,
The Heirs of the Ancient Aramaic Heritage (by E.
Balicka-Witakowski, S.P. Brock, D.G.K. Taylor, and W.
Witakowski) opens with Palestine in the 1st century
AD and continues as far as the Middle Ages. Contents: ch.1,
Introduction; ch.2, Aramaic in Palestine at the time of Jesus
and in the early centuries of Christianity; ch.3, Let the
inscriptions speak: the evidence of Jewish Aramaic and
Christian Syriac, 4th to 7th century;
ch.4; The flowering of the Aramaic literatures (Jewish,
Samaritan, Mandaean, Manichaean, Christian Palestinian,
Syriac); ch.5, The Syriac Christian tradition; ch.6, The
spread of Syriac Christianity; ch.7, The Arts: architecture,
wall painting and manuscript illustration; ch.8, The art of
the scribe.
Vol.
III, At the Turn of the Third Millennium: the Syrian
Orthodox Witness (by S.P. Brock and W. Witakowski).
Contents: ch.1, Introduction: the modern heirs of the Aramaic
heritage; ch.2, The Churches of the Syriac tradition; ch.3,
The Syrian Orthodox people in the twentieth century; ch.4, The
Syrian Orthodox presence worldwide; ch.5, The people and their
language: cultivating Syriac; ch.6, Twentieth-century writing
in Syriac; ch.7, The wider significance of the Syriac
tradition; ch.8, In retrospect: a glance back to the past
(Syriac historical writing; a mini-dictionary of Syriac
authors, 3rd-20th century); ch.9, The
Bible in Syriac.
The
authors of the different sections were as follows: Vol. I:
ch.3, DGKT ; ch.8, DGKT (with some additions by SPB); the
remainder, SPB.Vol. II: ch.4, Mandaeans, Manichaeans,
WW;Christian Palestinian Aramaic, DGKT; ch.6, DGKT; ch.7,
EB-W (with some additions by SPB); the remainder, SPB. Vol.
III: ch.8, Syriac historical writing, WW; the remainder,
SPB.
Notes to Volume 1: The Ancient Aramaic
Heritage
ABBREVIATIONS:
CIS = Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum, pars secunda
(Paris, 1889-).
Cooke = G.A.Cooke, A Text-Book of North Semitic
Inscriptions (Oxford, 1903).
Cowley = A. Cowley, Aramaic Papyri of the Fifth Century
B.C. (Oxford, 1923).
Drijvers-Healey = H.J.W. Drijvers and J.F. Healey, The
Old Syriac Inscriptions of Edessa and Osrhoene (Leiden,
1999).
Fitzmyer-Kaufman = J.A. Fitzmyer and S.A. Kaufman, An
Aramaic Bibliography. Part I, Old, Official, and Biblical
Aramaic (Baltimore, 1992).
Gibson = J.C.L. Gibson, Textbook of Syrian Semitic
Inscriptions, 2, Aramaic Inscriptions (Oxford,
1975).
Grayson = A.K. Grayson,
Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC, I-II
(Toronto, 1991, 1996).
KAI = H. Donner and W. Rllig, Kanaanische und
aramische Inschriften, (3 vols, Wiesbaden, 1964).
Kraeling = E.G. Kraeling, The Brooklyn Museum Aramaic
Papyri (New Haven, 1969).
PAT = D.R. Hillers and E. Cussini, Palmyrene Aramaic
Texts (Baltimore, 1996).
Porten-Yardeni = B.Porten and A. Yardeni, Textbook of
Aramaic Documents from Ancient Egypt, I, Letters
(Winona Lake, 1986); II, Contracts (1989); III,
Literature, Accounts, Lists (1993); IV, Ostraca and
Assorted Inscriptions (1999).
p.6. F. Rosenthal, Aramaic studies during the past
thirty years, Journal of NearEastern Studies 37
(1978), 81-82.
p.8. Poseidonius, quoted in Strabo, Geography,
I,34; XVI.4.27.
pp.8-9. R. Steiner, Why the Aramaic script was
called Assyrian in Hebrew, Greek and Demotic,
Orientalia 62 (1993), 80-82.
p.11. PAT 0278 of AD 242 (see caption to p.138b).
pp.13-14. The table is adapted from that given by J.
Huehnergard, in Anchor Dictionary of the Bible 4 (1992),
157.
p.15. For the classification of Aramaic dialects
adopted here, see J.A. Fitzmyer, A Wandering Aramean.
Collected Aramaic Essays (Missoula, 1979, chapter 3, and
S.Kaufman in Anchor Dictionary of the Bible 4 (1992),
173-178.
p.18b. Sefire:KAI 222A, lines 21-28, = Gibson, no. 7
(p.28ff); Fitzmyer-Kaufman B.1.11.
p.19a. Sinzeribni: KAI 225 = Gibson, no.18
(p.95f); Fitzmyer-Kaufman B.1.16.
p.19b. From the temple of Atargatis/al Uzza, Petra;
see P. Hammond and others, A religio-legal Nabataean
inscription from the Atargatis/Al-Uzza temple at
Petra,Bulletin of the American School of Oriental
Research 263 (1986), 77-86. Aretas IVs 37th
year would fall c. AD 28.
p.20b. Kh. Al Ascad and M. Gawlikowski,
The Inscriptions in the Museum of Palmyra. A Catalogue
(Palmyra/Warsaw, 1997), no.78.
p.21a. J.A.Fitzmyer and D.J. Harrrington, A Manual
of Palestinian Aramaic Texts (Rome, 1978), A22.
p.21c.Paris Sab./Mand. 1 (E. Tisserant, Specimina
codicum orientalium (Bonn, 1914), pl. 40).
p.22a. Florence, Bibl.Med. Plut.I.56; E. Hatch,
Album of Dated Syriac Manuscripts (Boston, 1946), plate
34.
p.22b. British Library, Add. 14548 (Tisserant,
Specimina, pl. 28).
p.22c. Vatican Syr. 19 (Hatch, Album of Dated
Syriac Manuscripts, plate 198.
p.23a. Published by H. Pognon, Inscriptions
smitiques de la Syrie et de la Msopotamie et de la region de
Mossoul (Paris, 1907), no.54.
p.23b. Unpublished inscription, apparently seen in
Jubb Addin. The original photograph shows slightly more
text, and the following can be read: katbah den
hatt[aya] / shawil dab-shem dayraya / ba-shnat
alp[ ] / w-hameshma / wa-tmanin
/ w-tarten / d-yawnaye / b-yawmay / [me]litios / [patria]rka, The sinner Shawil, nominally
a monk, wrote it in the year one thousand and five hundred and
eighty two of the Greeks in the days of [Me]letios the
[patri]arch.G 1582 = AD 1270/1; probably the Melkite
patriarch of Antioch is intended, though according to V.
Grumel, La chronologie(Paris, 1958),the patriarch at
this time was Euthymios I (c.1258-1274).
p.24b. Published by J. Jarry, Inscriptions syriaques
et arabes indites du Tur Abdin, Annales
Islamologiques 10 (1972), p.209 (pl. LV, no. 6).
pp.39-40. See annotation to II, pp.261-262.
p.42a. Tel Fekheriye: A.Abou-Assaf, P. Bordreuil,
A. Millard, La statue de Tell Fekherye et son inscription
bilingue assyro-aramenne (Paris, 1982); Fitzymer-Kaufman
B.2.2.
p.42b.Zakkur: KAI 202A = Gibson, no.5 (p.6ff);
Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.1.6.
p.44a. Kilamuwa: KAI 24.
p.44b. Barrakab: KAI 216 = Gibson, no.15 (p.89ff);
Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.1.14.
p.45a. Sefire: KAI 222A, lines 2-13, = Gibson, no.7
(p.28ff).
p.48a-b. See I. Ephal and J.Naveh, Hazaels booty
inscriptions, Israel Exploration Journal 39 (1989),
192-200.
p.61. Tiglath-Pileser I: Grayson, I, pp.23, 37.
p.62. NurAdad: Grayson, I, p.149. //
Muqurru: Grayson, I, p.150. // Booty from the foot of
Mt Kashiari: Grayson, I, p.150.
p.63. Matiatu: Grayson, I, p.209. For the
topography, see M. Liverani, Studies in the Annals of
Ashurnasirpal II. 2, Topographical Analysis (Rome, 1992),
35-36, 43-44, 57-58, 106. // Fragment in Adana museum:
see J.D.Hawkins, The Babil stele of Assurbanipal,
Anatolian Studies 19 (1969), 111-120. // Amme
Ba`li, Bit Zamani: Grayson, I, p. 261. // Assyrian
brutality: Grayson, I, p.201.
p.65. Hadadyis`i: see on p.42a.
p.66. Ahuni: Grayson, II, p.91; Kilamuwa: see on
44a.
p.67. Sefire: see on 18b. // Melqart: KAI
201 = Gibson no. 1 (p.1ff); Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B1.1. //
For the identity of Barhadads father, see W.T. Pitard, The
identity of the Bir Hadad of the Melqart stele, Bulletin of
the American Schools of Oriental Research 272 (1988), 3-21,
and E. Puech, La stle de Bar-Hadad Melqart et les rois
dArpad, Revue biblique 99 (1992), 311-334.
p.68. Adadidri and Irhuleni: Grayson, II, p.47.
// Zakkur: see on 42b.
p.69. Tel Dan: A. Biran and J. Naveh, An Aramaic
stele fragment from Tel Dan, and The Tel Dan inscription: a
new fragment, in Israel Exploration Journal 43 (1993),
81-98, and 45 (1995), 1-18.
p.70. Shalmaneser III: Grayson, II, p.60. //
Adadnirari III: Grayson, II, p.213. Hazaels booty: see on
p.48.
p.71. Tiglath-Pileser III: H. Tadmor, The
Inscriptions of Tiglath-Pileser III (Jerusalem, 1994),
p.79.
p.73. Barrakab: KAI 218 = Gibson, no. 17 (p.93);
Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.1.14.
p.77. Deir Alla: J. Hackett, The Balaam text
from Deir Alla (Chico 1984); Fitzmyer-Kaufman,
B.1.19.
p.82: Taba: KAI 269 = Gibson, no.24 (p.120ff);
Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.3.f.18.
pp.83-84. Sigabbar and Sinzeribini: KAI 226, 225 =
Gibson, nos. 19, 18 (p.93ff).
p.85a. G.R. Driver, Aramaic Documents of the Fifth
Century B.C. (Oxford, 1957), Letter 7 = Porten Yardeni I,
A6.10; Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.3.b.1.
p.85b. A.H. Sayce and A.E. Cowley, Aramaic Papyri
Discovered at Assuan (London, 1906), plate C [Cowley 9](=
Porten-Yardeni, B2.4).
p.85c. KAI 260; Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.5.13.
p.86a. M. Heltzer, in O.W. Mascarella (ed.),
Ladders to Heaven. Art Treasures from Lands of the
Bible (Toronto, 1981), no. 170.
p.86b. KAI 229 (Teima, 2). Fitzmyer-Kaufman,
B.4.21. A helpful overview of the Aramaic inscriptions of
Teima is given by A. Lemaire, Les inscriptions aramennes
anciennes de Teima, in H. Lozachmeur (ed.), Prsence arabe
dans le Croissant fertile avant lHgire (Paris, 1995),
59-72.
p.89. Horace, Epistles, II.1, lines 156-7.
// Aramaization of Assyria: H. Tadmor, Aramaization of
Assyria, in H.J.Nissen and J. Renger (eds), Mesopotamien
und seine Nachbarne, I.2 (Berlin, 1982), 449-470; cp also
A.R. Millard, Assyrians and Aramaeans, Iraq 45 (1983),
101-108; and the remarks of A. Lemaire: Today we know that
this [Neo-Assyrian Empire] was actually an Assyro-Aramaean
empire, and that the Aramaic language played the role of a
lingua franca in political and trade relations to the west of
this empire (in his Aramaic literature and Hebrew
literature, in M. Bar-Asher (ed.), Proceedings of the Ninth
World Congress of Jewish Studies: Hebrew and Aramaic
(Jerusalem, 1988), p.12). // Documents from Asshur: F.M.
Fales, Aramaic Epigraphs on Clay Tablets of the Neo-Assyrian
Period(Rome, 1986). // Asshur ostracon: KAI
233; Fitzmyer-Kaufman B.2.13. Multi-racial state: J.N.
Postgate, Ancient Assyria a multi-racial state, Aram
1:1 (1989), 1-10. // Naqia/Zakutu: on her see S.C.
Melville, The Role of Naqia/Zakutu in Sargonid Politics
(Winona Lake, 1999).
p.90. Bukan: A. Lemaire, Une inscription aramenne
du VIIIe sicle avant J-C trouve Bukan (Azerbaijan
iranien), Studia Iranica 27 (1998), 15-30. //
Luristan inscription: Gibson, no.11 (p.57f);
Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.6.1 // N. Postgate: Aram
1:1 (1989), p.9.
p.91. Adon: KAI 266; Fitzmyer-Kaufman,
B.3.a.5.
p.94. Zakkur: see above, on p.42b. // Deir Alla:
see above, on p.77. // Philo, Life of Moses, I,
264-265.
pp.94-95. Sinzeribni and Sigabbar: see on
pp.83-84.
p.95. Baal Harran: see on p.73. Temple of
Nabonidus at Harran rebuilt by Nabonidus: see C.J. Gadd, The
Harran inscriptions of Nabonidus, Anatolian Studies 8
(1958), 35-92, esp. p. 59. // Doomsday Book:
F.M. Fales, Censimenti e catasti di epoca neo-assira
(Rome 1973); also F.M. Fales and J.N.Postgate, State
Archives of Assyria XI (Helsinki, 1995), 121-145.
p.96. Seal of Baraq: P. Bordreuil, Catalogue des
sceaux ouest-smitiques inscrits (Paris, 1986), no.85
(p.75f). // Seal of Barrakab: F. von Luschan,
Ausgrabungen aus Sendschirli, V, Die Kleinfunde
(Berlin, 1943), p.73 and plate 38b. // Seal of Nurshi:
Bordreuil, Catalogue, no.86 (p.76). // 36 Aramaean
women singers: F.M. Fales and J.N. Postgate, State Archives
of Assyria VII (Helsinki, 1992), p.32. // 40
Aramaean sweets: Fales and Postgate, State Archives,
VII, p.150.
p.97. The illustration gives part of Asokas
Greek-Aramaic bilingual (for which see p.128). // A.T.
Olmstead, History of the Persian Empire (Chicago, 1948),
p.480.
p.98. Arsham Archive, Letter 7 (see on p.85a).
p.99. Darius inscription: Porten-Yardeni, III,
C2.1; Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.3.c.2. // Memorandum to
Bigvay: Porten-Yardeni, I, A4.9 [= Cowley, no. 32];
Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.3.c.4.
p.100. Ananiahs marriage contract: Porten-Yardeni,
II, B3.3 [= Kraeling, no.2]; Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.3.c.8.
pp.100-101. Mibtahiah: quotation is from
Porten-Yardeni, II, B2.3 [= Cowley 8]; marriage with Eshor,
Porten-Yardeni, II, B2.6 [= Cowley 15] (Fitzmyer-Kaufman,
B.3.c.7).
p.102. Donations to temple of Yahu: Porten-Yardeni,
III, C3.15 [Cowley 22]. // Greek fleet (Ahiqar
palimpsest): quotation is from Porten-Yardeni, III, C3.7
(pp.94-95). // Hermopolis Letters: quotation from
Letter 2 = Gibson, no. 27.ii (p.132ff), and Porten-Yardeni, I,
A2.2; Fitzmyer-Kaufman B.3.b.1.
p.103. Qedar: Gibson, no. 25 (p.122f). //
Carpentras stele (Taba): see on p.82. Tayma
(Salmshezeb): KAI 228 = Gibson, no. 30 (p.148ff);
Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.4.4.
p.104. Pasigu Shahru (= Tayma, 20): see
Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.4.14. // Inscription from Bahrain:
M. Sznycer, in Syria 61 (1984), 109-118
(Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.4.27). // Inscription from
Failaka: M. Sznycer, in Y. Calvet and F-F. Salles (eds),
Failaka (Lyon, 1986), 273-280. // Seal of
Elnathan: N. Avigad, Bullae and Seals from a Post-Exilic
Judean Archive (Qedem 4; Jerusalem 1976), no.5 (plate
6). // Seal of Shulamit: Avigad, Bullae and
Seals, no.14 (plate 15). // Inscription from
Beersheva: J. Naveh, in Y. Aharoni, Beer-Sheba, I
(Tel Aviv 1973), 79-82 (no. 5); Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.1.37.
// Ostraca from Arad: Y. Aharoni, Arad
Inscriptions (Jerusalem, 1981), p.155 (no. 5);
Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.1.36.
p.108. Inscription of Maniku, Nabataean text: J.T.
Milik, in Annual of the Department of Antiquities of
Jordan 21 (1976), 143-151; Greek text: M. Sartre,
Inscriptions grecques et latines de la Syrie, 21,
(Jordanie, IV; 1993), no. 54; (also in J.F. Healey,
The Nabataean Tomb Inscriptions of Madain Salih
(Oxford/Manchester, 1993), p.243).
p.109. Published by P. Hammond, Ein nabatisches
Weiherelief aus Petra, in Die Nabater (Bonn/Kln,
1981), 137-141.
p.110a-b. Cooke, no. 94, on which see J.T. Milik, in
Revue biblique 66 (1959), 555-560.
p.110c. Published by F. Zayadine, Recent excavations
at Petra, Annual of the Department of Antiquities of
Jordan 26 (1982), 366-367.
p.112. Cooke, no. 97.
p.114. CIS ii, 465.
p.121. Wadi Daliyah papyri: see F.M. Cross, Samaria
Papyrus 1, in Erez Israel 18 (1985), 7*-17*;
Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.1.39.
p.122. Kerak: J.T. Milik, Nouvelles inscriptions
smitiques du pays de Moab, Liber Annuus 9 (1958/9),
330-358; Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.1.44. // Gzne: KAI 259 =
Gibson, no.34 (p.154); Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.5.7. //
Tarsus: KAI 261 = Gibson, no.35 (p.155). // Syria
grammata: Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 7.3.15; 7.5.31;
19.9.6 (used by Nabataeans, 312 BC); Diodorus Siculus,
Histories, 19.23. // Themistokles: see C.
Nylander, Assyria grammata. Remarks on the 21st
Letter of Themistokles, Opuscula Atheniensia 8
(1968), 119-136.
p.123. Funerary inscription of Artimas: KAI 262.
// Xanthos trilingual inscription: A. Dupont-Sommer,
Linscription aramenne, in H. Metzger (ed.), Fouilles de
Xanthos, VI, La stle trilingue de Lton (Paris,
1979), 129-178; Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.5.14. // Sardis
bilingual inscription: KAI 260; Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.5.13.
// Daskyleion: Gibson, no.37 (p.157f); Fitzmyer-Kaufman,
B.5.5.
p.124. Murashu archive: M.W. Stolper,
Entrepreneurs and Empire: The Murashu Archive, the Murashu
Firm, and Persian Rule in Babylon (Leiden, 1985);
Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.2.22. // Persepolis tablets:
R.A.Bowman, Aramaic Ritual Texts from Persepolis
(Chicago, 1970); Fitzmyer-Kaufman B.6.3.
pp.125-6. Aramaic in Ptolemaic Egypt: quotation from
Porten-Yardeni, III, C3.29; Fitzmyer-Porten, B.3.f.42.
p.126. Jerusalem ostracon: F.M. Cross, An Aramaic
ostracon of the third century B.C.E. from excavations in
Jerusalem, Eres Yisrael 15 (1981), 67*-69*. //
Inscription of Zoilos: A. Biran, Israel Exploration
Journal 26 (1976), 202-206. // Khirbet Kom
ostracon: L.T.Geraty, The Khirbet el Kom bilingual
ostracon, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental
Research 220/1 (1975/6), 55-61. // Coins of
Alexander Jannaeus [for rather than, read as well as]: A.
Kindler, Coins of the Land of Israel (Jerusalem, 1974),
nos.9-10 (Aramaic and Greek; on some undated coins Greek and
Hebrew are used). // Maresha marriage document: E.
Eshel and A. Kloner, An Aramaic ostracon of an Edomite
marriage document from Maresha dated 176 B.C.E [in Hebrew],
Tarbiz 63 (1994), 485-502.
p.127. Uruk text in cuneiform script: see
Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.2.29. // Inscription of
Adad-nadin-ahe: CIS ii 72; Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.2.27. //
Inscriptions from the Gulf: see E.Puech, Inscriptions
aramennes du Golfe, Transeuphratne 16 (1998), 31-55;
J. Healey and H. Bin Seray, Aramaic in the Gulf: towards a
corpus, Aram 11/12 (1999/2000), 1-14. // Ruwafa
inscription: J.T. Milik, Inscriptions grecques et
nabatennes? de Rawwafah, in P.J. Parr and others (eds),
Preliminary Survey in N.W. Arabia, 1968, Part II: Epigraphy,
Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology, University of
London 10 (1971), 54-58. (A recent discussion of this
important inscription is given by M.C.A. Macdonald, Quelques
reflexions sur les Saracnes, linscription de Rawwafa et
larme romaine, in H. Lozachmeur (ed.), Prsence arabe
[see on p.86b], 93-101).
p.128. Asokas inscription in Aramaic and Greek: KAI
279; Fitzmyer-Kaufman, B.6.8. His inscription in Aramaic
and Prakrit: E. Benveniste and A. Dupont-Sommer, in Journal
asiatique 254 (1966), 437-465; Fitzmyer-Kaufman,
B.6.9.
p.129. Ostraca from Nisa: see M.L. Chaumont, Les
ostraca de Nisa: nouvelle contribution lhistoire des
Arsacides, Journal asiatique 256 (1968), 11-35. //
Armenia, inscription of king Artashes: A. Prikhanian, Les
inscriptions aramennes du roi Artachs, Revue des tudes
armniennes 8 (1971), 169-174. // Extraction of fish
from Lake Sevan: KAI 274-5. // Silver bowl from
Sissian: Perikhanian, Inscription aramenne grave sur une
coupe dargent trouve Sissian (Armnie), Revue des
tudes armniennes 8 (1971), 5-11. // Inscription
from Garni: see J.Naveh, The North Mesopotamian Aramaic
script-type in the late Parthian period, Israel Oriental
Studies 2 (1972), 293-304, esp. 297.
p.130. Armazi script: see C. Tsereteli, The
Armazian script, in T. Mgaloblishvili (ed.), Ancient
Christianity in the Caucasus (Richmond, 1998), 155-162.
// Inscription of Serapitis: KAI 276. //
Inscription of Mihrdat: F. Altheim and R. Stiehl, Die zweite
(aramische) Inschrift von Mcheta in their Die aramische
Sprache unter den Achaimeniden, III (Frankfurt, 1963),
243-261. // Petra: for the inscription with the name
RQMW, see J. Starcky, Nouvelle pitaphe nabatenne donnant le
nom smitique de Petra, Revue biblique 72 (1965),
95-97.
p.131. Nabataean legal documents: cp J.A. Fitzmyer
and D.J. Harrington, A Manual of Palestinian Aramaic
Texts (Rome, 1978), no.64; some further papyri await
publication
p.132. Ibn Wahsiya: see T. Fahd, in Encyclopaedia
of Islam, III (new edition; Leiden, 1971), 363-365.
// Inscription of 36 BC: R.N. Jones and others, A
second Nabataean inscription from Tell esh-Shuqafia, Egypt,
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
269 (1988), 47-57. // Tomb inscription from Madain
Salih: J.F. Healey, The Nabataean Tomb Inscriptions of
Madain Salih (Oxford/Manchester, 1993), no. H.9
(p.123). // Pasael: J.T. Milik and J. Starcky,
Inscriptions rcemment dcouvertes Petra, Annual of the
Department of Antiquities of Jordan 20 (1975 ), 111-130
(p.112).
p.132-3.
msgd: J. Cantineau, Le
Nabaten, II, Choix de textes (Paris, 1932),
17-18. // Ruhm [read Ruhu] son of Maliku: Cantineau,
Le Nabaten, II, 16 = CIS ii 182.
p.133. Inscription from the year of the three
Caesars: CIS ii 963. // Latest Nabataean
inscription: F. Altheim and R. Stiehl, Die Araber in der
Alten Welt, V.1 (Berlin, 1966), p.306 and plate 54; the
date is either July/August 355 or July/August 356.
// Namara inscription: text (e.g.) in
J.Bellamy, A new reading of the Namarah inscription,
Journal of the American Oriental Society 105 (1985),
31-51; discussion in I. Shahid, Byzantium and the Arabs in
the Fourth Century (Washington DC, 1984), 31-53.
// Venice of the Sands: E. Will, Les Palmyrniens.
La Venise des sables (Paris, 1992). // Oldest
Palmyrene inscription: PAT 1524 [where read 44 B.C.]; a
convenient list of dated Palmyrene inscriptions can be found in
D.G.K. Taylor, An annotated index of dated Palmyrene Aramaic
texts, Journal of Semitic Studies 46 (2001),
203-219. // King of kings and Restorer of the
Orient: PAT 0292.
p.134. Tariff: PAT 0259. // Inscription
of 279/280: Kh. Ascad and M. Gawlikowski, New
honorific inscriptions in the Great Colonnade of Palmyra,
Annales Archologiques de Syrie (1986/7), 164-171 (esp.
pp.167-168).
p.135. Inscription of AD 258: PAT 0291. //
Inscription of AD 271: PAT 0293. // Inscription of
AD 199: PAT 1378. // Inscription of AD 157: PAT
1403. // Symposium rules: PAT 0991. // Tesserae:
R. du Mesnil du Buisson, Les tessres et monnaies de
Palmyre (Paris, 1962). // Inscription of AD 32:
PAT 1347. // Inscription of AD 175: PAT 0260.
p.136. Animal sanctuary of Allat: see p. 146 for
illustration of lion and gazelle; PAT 1122. // Lucian,
On the Syrian Goddess, 14. // Inscription of
AD 251: PAT 1911. // Inscription of Shalmat: PAT
1488. // Inscription from South Shields: PAT
0246. // Dynasty of Emesa: see C. Chad, Les
dynastes dmse (Beyrouth, 1972).
p.137a. PAT 2690.
p.138b. PAT 0278.
p.140. PAT 0286.
p.141b. PAT 1812.
p.146. See on p.136.
p.147.PAT 1802.
p.151. Hatra inscription no. 106.
p.152b. Hatra inscription no. 228.
p.153. Inscription of Sanatruq I: Hatra inscription
nos. 367-369. // Inscription of AD 237/8: Hatra
inscription no. 35. // Inscription on statue of Ebu,
daughter of Gabalu: Hatra inscription no. 30.
p.154. Inscription of AD 151/2: Hatra inscription
no.343 (similar content in no. 281, illustration on
p.170b). // Bardaisan: see R. Degen, A note on the
law of Hatra, Annali, Istituto Orientale di Napoli 27
(1977), 486-490. // Inscription of AD 214: B. Aggoula,
Inscriptions et graffites aramennes dAssour (Naples,
1985), no. 27e. // Edessa, mother of all the cities of
Mesopotamia: the title occurs in P.Mesopotamia A of AD 240.
// Adme: see A. Harrak, The ancient name of Edessa,
Journal of Near Eastern Studies 51 (1992), 209-214.
// Inscription of AD 6: Drijvers-Healey, As55 (D1).
p.155. Inscription of AD 201/2: Drijvers-Healey,
As16(D32). // Kings of Edessa: for recent discussion,
see M. Gawlikowski, The last kings of Edessa, in R. Lavenant
(ed.), Symposium Syriacum VII (Orientalia Christiana
Analecta 256; 1998), 421-428; A. Luther, Elias von Nisibis
und die Chronologie der edessenischen Knige, Klio 81
(1999), 180-198; L. van Rompay, Jacob of Edessa and the early
history of Edessa, in G.J. Reinink and A.C. Klugkist (eds),
After Bardaisan. Studies... in Honour of H.J.W.
Drijvers (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 89; 1999),
269-285; T. Gnoli, Roma, Edessa e Palmira nel III
secolo (Pisa/Rome, 2000); and S.K.Ross, Roman Edessa:
Politics and Culture on the Eastern Fringes of the Roman
Empire, 114-242 CE (London, 2000).
p.158. Inscription of Shebat AD 165:
Drijvers-Healey, As36(D23). // Inscription of Adar AD
165: Drijvers-Healey, As29(D16). // Aptuha mosaic:
Drijvers-Healey, Am2(D45). // Phoenix mosaic:
Drijvers-Healey, Am6(D49), dated AD 235/6 (illustrated below,
p.176a). // Orpheus mosaic: Drijvers-Healey, Am7(D50),
dated AD 228 (illustrated below, p.176b). // Orpheus mosaic
of AD 194: illustrated below, p. 177. // Achilles mosaic:
Drijvers-Healey, Cm3 (and plate 66); illustrated in vol. II,
p.42a. // Briseis mosaic: Drijvers-Healey, Cm4 (and
plate 67). For the mosaics with Greek mythological scenes
and Syriac inscriptions, see now J. Balty and F.
Briquel-Chatonnet, Nouvelles mosaiques inscrites dOsrhone
Monuments et Mmoires publis par lAcadmie des
Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 79 (2000), 31-72.
p.158-9. Mosaic with Zeus and Hera: Drijvers-Healey,
Cm11 (and plate 72).
p.159. Serrin: see J.Balty, La mosaique de
Serrin (Osrhone) (Paris, 1990); illustration in Vol. II,
p.23a. // Prat malka: Drijvers-Healey, Bm1 (and plate
60). // Mosaic with My lord Abgar: Drijvers-Healey,
Am10; illustrated below on p.175. // Syriac legal
documents of 240s: Drijvers-Healey, Appendix 1 (pp.232-248);
the Greek documents (some with signatures of witnesses in
Syriac script) are edited by D.Feissel and J. Gascou in
Journal des Savants 65 (1995), 65-119; 67 (1997), 3-57;
and 70 (2000), 157-208.
p.161ff. A helpful overview can be found in A.
Lemaire, Aramaic literature and Hebrew literature: contacts
and influences in the first millennium BCE, in M. Bar Asher
(Ed.), Proceedings of the Ninth World Congress of Jewish
Studies: Hebrew and Aramaic (Jerusalem, 1988), 9-24.
p.162. Ahiqar: Porten-Yardeni, III, C1.1. For the
later texts of Ahiqar in Syriac and other languages (including
Modern Syriac), see A-M. Denis, Introduction la
littrature religieuse judo-hellnistique, II, (Turnout,
2000), 993-1038. The standard edition of the Syriac, by J.R.
Harris, has been reprinted a number of times, including P.Y.
Dolapn, Ahiqar sofro w-hakimo (Mardin, 1962;
2nd edn, Mor Ephrem Monastery, Glane/Losser,
1981). The Modern Syriac version was edited (from Berlin,
Sachau 339) by M. Lidzbarski, Die neu-aramischen
Handschriften der Kn. Bibliothek zu Berlin (Weimar, 1896;
repr. Hildesheim, 1973), I, 1-77 (text); II, 1-41 (tr.).
p.164. Uruk tablet: J. van Dijk, Die
Inschriftenfunde, in H. Lenzen (ed.), XVIII vorlufiger
Bericht ber die...Ausgrabungen in Uruk-Warka (Berlin,
1962), 39-62. // Demotic fragments: Ed. K.T. Zauzich,
in H. Franke and others (eds), Folia rara W. Voigt...
dedicata (Verzeichnis der orientalischen Handschriften in
Deutschland, Suppl. 19; Wiesbaden, 1976), 180-185.
p.165. Trier mosaic: see M. Kchler, Frhjdische
Weisheitstraditionen (Gttingen, 1979, 352-355. //
Mariam, daughter of Ahiqar: see H. Candemir and J. Wagner,
Christliche Mosaiken in der nrdlichen Euphratesia, in S.
Shahin, E. Schwertwein and J. Wagner (eds), Studien zur
Religion und Kultur Kleinasiens I (Leiden, 1978), 216-217.
// Aramaic text of Tobit: ed. A. Neubauer, The Book of
Tobit (Oxford, 1878). // Qumran fragments of Tobit:
4Q196-200, ed. by J. Fitzmyer, in J. Vanderkam (ed.),
Discoveries in the Judaean Desert 19 (Oxford, 1995).
p.166. Tale of Hor: Porten-Yardeni, III, C1.2.
p.170b. Hatra, inscription 281 (see on p.154).
p.173. Drijvers-Healey, Am8(D51).
p.174. P. Mesopotamia A (see p.159).
p.175. Drijvers-Healey, Am10; see p.159.
p.176. See on p.158.
p.177. Unknown provenance; sold in New York in the
winter of 2000/2001 (I am most grateful to Adam Becker for
notifying me of this), and now in Dallas Museum.
p.178. Drijvers-Healey, Am4(D47).
p.183a. Ahiqar: E. Sachau, Aramische Papyrus und
Ostraka aus einer jdischer Militrkolonie zu Elephantine
(Leipzig, 1911), Tafel 47, col. 1.
p.186. Solomon of Bosra, Book of the Bee: ed.
E.A.W.Budge, ch.XV, p.20. // Ethiopic translation: a
translation (by E. Isaac) can conveniently be found in J.H.
Charlesworth (ed.), The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, I
(Garden City NY, 1983), 1-89; critical edition of Ethiopic,
with translation by M.A. Knibb, The Ethiopic Book of
Enoch, I-II (Oxford 1978).// Aramaic fragments of Enoch:
ed. J.T. Milik, The Books of Enoch. Aramaic Fragments of
Qumran Cave 4 (Oxford, 1976).
p.188. Book of Giants: Vermes, 516-517.
p.189. Genesis Apocryphon: Vermes, 448-459. The
Aramaic texts, with German translation, of this and the other
Aramaic texts from Qumran, can also readily be located in K.
Beyer, Die aramischen Texte vom Toten Meer (Gttingen,
1984), with Ergnzungsband (1994).
p.190. Aramaic translation of Job: Vermes,
433-438. // New Jerusalem: Vermes, 568-570. //
Testament of Levi: Vermes, 534-527.
p.191. Prayer of Nabonidus: Vermes, 573. //
Darius: Vermes, 578-579 (for a fuller translation, with the
mention of Ushay, see K.Beyer, Die aramischen Texte vom
Toten Meer, Ergnzungsband (Gttingen, 1994), 113-117).
p.192. Testament of Qahat: Vermes, 532-533. //
Book which Michael spoke: Vermes, 523. // Fragment
mentioning son of God: Vermes, 576-577.
p.193. Aramaic psalm parallel to Psalm 20: see, for
example, Z.Zevit, The common origin of the Aramaicized prayer
to Horus and of Psalm 20, Journal of the American Oriental
Society 110 (1990), 213-228.
p.200. For Chapter 7, the following could now be
added: J. Taylor, Petra and the Lost Kingdom of the
Nabataeans (London, 2001), and J.F. Healey, The Religion
of the Nabataeans (Leiden, 2001).
Notes to Volume II: The Heirs of the Ancient
Aramaic Heritage.
ABBREVIATIONS:
Beyer 1984 K.Beyer, Die aramischen Texte vom Toten
Meer (Gttingen, 1984).
Beyer 1994 = K. Beyer, Die aramischen Texte vom Toten
Meer, Ergnzungsband (Gttingen, 1994).
BL = British Library.
Fitzmyer-Harrington = J. Fitzmyer and D. Harrington, A
Manual of Palestinian Aramaic Texts (Rome, 1978).
p.6. Inscription of 1218: K. Erdmann, Das
anatolische Karavansaray des 13. Jahrhunderts (Berlin,
1961), no.18 (pp.65-66). // Minister of the Sultan of
Iconium: Bar Hebraeus, Chronicle (ed. Bedjan), p.262
(tr. Budge, p.233) (he was evidently a Syrian Orthodox
deacon). For evidence of Aramaic still being spoken by Jews
in Palestine in the 9th-10th century, see
N. Allony, in Leshonenu 34 (1969/70), 88-91.
p.12. Constantine and Helen, Gospel Lectionary of
1227 (see p.237).
p.14. Inscription of Yehohanna: Beyer 1994,
p.206. // Inscription of Abba: Fitzmyer-Harrington, no.
68; Beyer 1984, p.347; it is remarkable that this Aramaic
inscription is written in the Palaeo-Hebrew script.
p.15. Inscription of Helena/Sadan:
Fitzmyer-Harrington, no.132; Beyer 1984, p.343. //
Ossuary of Sapphira wife of Simeon: Fitzmyer-Harrington,
no.147; Beyer 1984, p.342. // He had it closed:
Beyer 1994, p.207 (who, however, takes the first word as a
proper name, Sakar). // Qorban inscription:
Fitzmyer-Harrington, no. 69; Beyer 1984, p.344. Beit
Qarnayim ostraca: A. Yardeni, New Jewish Aramaic ostraca,
Israel Exploration Journal 40 (1990), 130-152 (Ostracon
1, p.132). // Masada ostracon: Y. Yadin and J. Naveh,
Masada, I, The Aramaic and Hebrew Ostraca and Jar
Inscriptions (Jerusalem, 1989), no. 554; Beyer 1994,
p.212.
p.16. Letters of Simeon bar Kosiba:
Fitzmyer-Harrington, nos 53-60; Beyer 1984, pp.350-352; Beyer
1994, pp.213-222.
p.22. Published by E.Puech, Linscription
christo-palestinienne dAyoun Musa (Mont Nebo), Liber
Annuus34 (1984), 319-328;Beyer 1994, p.271.
p.23a. See on Vol. I, p.159.
p.23b. See on p.33, below.
p.24. See on p.33, below.
p.25. Babatha documents: Fitzmyer-Harrington, nos
61-63; Beyer 1994, pp.166-184; in general, see A.J.
Salderini, Babathas story, Biblical Archaeology
Review 24:2 (1998), 28-37, 72-74. // Babathas
marriage document: Y. Yadin, J.C. Greenfield and A. Yardeni,
Babathas ketubba, Israel Exploration Journal 44
(1994), 75-101.
p.28. Inscription of AD 244/5: J. Naveh, Al
psephis va-even (Jerusalem, 1978), p.127.
p.29. Naaran synagogue inscription:
Fitzmyer-Harrington, no. A3; Beyer 1984, p.392. //
Hammat Gadara: Fitzmyer-Harrington, no. A28; Beyer 1984,
p.385. // Hammat Tiberias: Fitzmyer-Harrington, no.
A30; Beyer 1984, p. 386. // Jericho:
Fitzmyer-Harrington, no. A34; Beyer 1984, p.388. // En
Gedi: Fitzmyer-Harrington, no. A22; Beyer 1984, p.364;
illustration in Vol. I, p.21a.
p.30. Wedding in Egypt: C. Sirat and others, La
Ketouba de Cologne (Opladen, 1986); Beyer 1994,
p.244-247.
p.31. Zoar inscriptions: Beyer 1994, p.240-241;
several further ones have recently been published by J. Naveh
in Tarbiz 64 (1995), 477-497; by S. Stern, in
Tarbiz 68 (1999), 177-185; and by H. M. Cotton and J.J.
Price, in Zeitschrift fr Papyrologie und Epigraphik 134
(2001), 277-283 (Aramaic and Greek). // Aramaic poem on
papyrus: ed. J. Yahalom, in Tarbiz 47 (1978),
173-184; for fragments of the same poem from the Cairo Geniza,
see M. Sokoloff and J. Yahalom, Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
Poetry from Late Antiquity [in Hebrew] (Jerusalem, 1999),
82-92, and English translation in A.S. Rodrigues Pereira,
Studies in Aramaic Poetry (c.100 BCE c.600 CE) (Assen,
1997), 398-401.
p.32. Theodoret, Questions on Judges, 19.
// Inscription of AD 389: Inscriptions grecques et
latines de la Syrie II, no.555. // Inscriptions
from Tel Bica: published by M. Krebernik,
Schriftfunde aus Tell Bica 1990, Mitteilungen
der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft zu Berlin 123 (1991),
41-57; see also G. Kalla, Christentum am oberen Euphrat. Das
byzantinische Kloster von Tall Bica, Antike
Welt 30:2 (1999), 131-142.Life of John of Tella: ed. E.W.
Brooks, in CSCO, Scr. Syri 7-8 (1907). // Inscription
mentioning bishop Peter: see A. Harrak, Notes on Syriac
inscriptions, Orientalia 64 (1995), 110-119.
p.33. Inscription of AD 493: published by E. Puech,
in Liber Annuus 38 (1988), 267-270, plates 9-10 (the
3rd and 9th lines have been misread: in line 3, read
dhy<k>l,and in line 9, read Mar(y)
Hanina; and the first letter of line 2 should be read as
shin, not qoph); for the monastery of Beth Mar
Hanina, see E. Honigmann, Evques et vchs monophysites
dAsie antrieure au VIe sicle (CSCO Subs.2, 1951),
191-192 (his Life, by Jacob of Serugh, is in BL Add. 17174,
ff.145r-151v). // Inscription of AD 504: published by
R.C. Steiner, A Syriac church inscription from 504 CE,
Journal of Semitic Studies 35 (1990), 99-108. //
Inscription of 536 (mosaic): unpublished (evidently in a
private collection); the text reads ba-shnat tmanma /
w-arbcin wa-shbac / b-shubca
[sic] w-cesrin / qhzwrn [for: ba-hziran] byawmay mar(y) / rishdayra
Yuhannan b-dukraneh / d-mar(y)
rishdayra Yacqub / da-nsab dayra ettsimat / <shet>esteh
d-bayta hana / w-eshtlem ba-shnat tmanma / w-hamshin w-had
byawmay / mar(y) rishdayra Shemcon / gmar(?)
w-kallel hattayut(y) Eliya; In the year
eight-hundred and forty seven, on the twenty-seventh of
Haziran, in the days of the abbot Mar John, in memory of the
abbot Mar Jacob who founded the monastery, was the foundation
of this building laid; and it was finished in the year
eight-hundred and fifty one, in the days of the abbot Mar
Simeon. My sinfulness, Elia, completed and crowned (it).
// Bema dated AD 605: the inscription is published by H.
Salame-Sarkis, Syria grammata kai agalmata, Syria 66
(1989), 313-330 (the date is misinterpreted: it is Indiction
8, 653 of the era of Antioch = AD 605). //
Inscription anathematizing the Phantasiasts: published by
P. Mouterde, Une inscription syriaque recmment trouve en
haute Djezir, in Annales archologiques arabes de Syrie
10 (1960), 87-92.
p.34. Namara inscription: see on Vol. I, p.133.
// Zebed trilingual inscription: Syriac text in E. Sachau,
Zur trilinguis Zebedaea, Zeitschrift der deutschen
morgenlndischen Gesellschaft 36 (1882), 345-352; Greek:
Inscriptions grecques et latines de la Syrie, II (Paris,
1939), no. 310. // Inscription from Jericho: D.C.
Baramki and St.H. Stephen, A Nestorian hermitage between
Jericho and the Jordan, Quarterly of the Department of
Antiquities of Palestine 4 (1934), 81-86, and plates
LII-LIV; for the identifications, see J-M. Fiey, Rabban Buya
de Shaqlawa et de Jricho, Proche Orient Chrtien 33
(1983), 34-38; the inscription is illustrated below,
p.46c. //Inscription mentioning Patriarch Theodoret: P.
Mouterde, Un ermitage melkite en Emsne au VIIIe sicle,
Mlanges de lUniversit Saint-Joseph 18 (1934),
101-106. // Churches: see E.E.D.M. Oates, Qasr Serij
the church of St Sergius, in his Studies in the Ancient
History of Northern Iraq (London, 1968), 106-117; M. and
N. Fuller, A medieval church in Mesopotamia [Tell Tuneinir],
Biblical Archaeologist 57:1 (1994), 38-45, and
Archaeological discoveries at Tell Tuneinir, Syria,
Journal of the Assyrian Academic Society 12:2 (1998),
69-82; J.A. Langfeldt, Recently discovered early Christian
monuments in north-eastern Arabia, Arabian Archaeology and
Epigraphy 5 (1994), 32-60; J. Curtis, The church at
Khirbet Deir Situn, Al-Rafidan 18 (1997), 369-379;
and G. King, A Nestorian settlement on the island of Sir
Bani Yas, Abu Dhabi, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and
African Studies 60 (1997), 221-235 (Langfeldt and King give
further references). // Ostracon with a trial of pen:
E. Hunter, Syriac ostraca from Mesopotamia, in Symposium
Syriacum VII (Orientalia Christiana Analecta 256, 1998),
617-639, esp. 620-621.
p.35. Ostracon with liturgical text: Hunter,
Syriac ostraca, 631-632 (without the identification; the
full Syriac liturgical text can be found in T. Darmo (ed.),
Hudra I (Trichur, 1960), p.647). //
Papyrus letter: see the re-reading of the text (originally
published by W.Brashear) in Brock, A Syriac letter on
Papyrus, Hugoye 2:2 (1999). // Ostracon
with a 12-syllable poem: M. Kamil, Ein syrisches Ostrakon aus
dem V Jahrh. Rivista degli Orientali 32 (1957),
411-413.
p.36. CPA bronze amulet: E.Puech, Deux amulettes
palestiniennes, une en grec et une bilingue en
grec-christopalestinien, in H. Gasche and B. Hrouda (eds),
Collectanea Orientalia...Etudes offertes Agns Spycket
(Neuchatel, 1996), 299-310. // Syriac amulet on
leather: J. Naveh, A Syriac amulet on leather, Journal
of Semitic Studies 42 (1997), 33-38. // Bowl from
Nippur: J.A. Mongomery, Aramaic Incantation Texts from
Nippur (Philadelphia, 1913), 167-170 (no. 11).
p.37. For the CPA inscription found at Deir al-Adas,
see R.F. Campanati, in Arte profana e arte sacra a
Bisanzio (Rome, 1995), 257-269; other CPA inscriptions
are listed in C. Mller-Kessler, Grammatik des
Christlich-Palestinisch-Aramischen, I (Hildesheim, 1991),
10-15; those from Khirbet as-Samra are now published in full
by A. Desreumaux, in J-B. Humbert and A. Desreumaux (eds),
Khirbet
es-Samra 1, Jordanie (Turnhout,
1998), 435-521.
p.39. From a modern painting of St Ephrem, with a
quotation from the Testament of Ephrem.
p.40. Do the angels know Aramaic?: see especially J.
Yahalom, Angels do not understand Aramaic: on the literary
use of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic in Late Antiquity,
Journal of Jewish Studies 47 (1996), 33-44, and M.
Rubin, The language of creation or the primordial language,
Journal of Jewish Studies 49 (1998), 306-333. Syriac
authors, not surprisingly, normally opted for Aramaic as the
language of Adam; thus, besides the various Commentaries on
Genesis, in a series of Questions and Answers in BL Add. 14628
(11th century), the Disciple asks What language
will people be speaking on the Day of Judgement, seing that
there will be no confusion of tongues then? To which the
Teacher replies: It will be the language in which God spoke
with Adam, and Adam with God, at the Creation; and as it seems
to me, this was Aramaic, a widespread language extending over
all peoples... (Wright, Catalogue, p.1022).
p.41. In the Hama Museum. A similar example has been
found in the Michaelon church at Huarte; see M-T. and P.
Canivet, La mosaique dAdam dans lglise syrienne de Huart,
Cahiers archologiques 24 (1975), 49-65.
p.42a. See on Vol. I, p.158.
p.42b. Vatican Hebrew 221; Tisserant,
Specimina, plate 13.
p.43. Inscription: see J.B. Chabot, Inscriptions
syriaques de Bennaoui, Syria 10 (1929), 252-256.
p.44a. T.Kellis, syr-copt. 2, published in I. Gardner
(ed.), Kellis Literary Texts, I (Oxford 1996).
p.44b. Inscription published in P. Donceel-Voute,
Les pavements des glises Byzantines de Syrie et du
Liban (Louvain-la-Neuve, 1988), 147-149.
p.44c. Cambridge Or. 1080 B 18.1, of
9th-11th century.
p.45. The inscription is now at Qalcat
Simcan, but was formerly at Kafrantin: the text was
published (with several misreadings) by J. Jarry, Inscriptions
arabes, syriaques et grecques du Massif du Blus en Syrie du
Nord, Annales Islamologiques 7 (1967), 144-145.
p.46a. Vatican Barbarini Or. 1 [regrettably, the
photograph is erroneously reversed]; Tisserant,
Specimina, plate 1.
p.46b. For this text, see E.S. Drower, The Haran
Gawaita and the Baptism of Hibil-Ziwa (Studi e Testi 176;
1953).
p.46c. See above, on p.34.
p.48a. W.S. McCullough, Jewish and Mandaean
Incantation Bowls in the Royal Ontario Museum (Toronto,
1970), Bowl A.
p.48c. St Catherines Monastery, Sinai, New Finds,
CPA Sparagmata 7. The under-text has been published by C.
Mller-Kessler, A Corpus of Christian Palestinian
Aramaic IIA (Groningen, 1998), 157-160 (the folio
illustrated, 4v, is on p.158), and the upper text by Brock,
Fragments of Pseudo-John Chrysostom, Homily on the Prodigal
Son, in Christian Palestinian Aramaic, Le Muson 112
(1999), 335-361.
p.54b. BL Or. 8732; Hatch, Album, Plate
LVI.
p.57. Alexander and the women of Carthage: Midrash
Leviticus Rabba, 27.1 (and elsewhere).
p.58. Targum text on bowl from Nippur: see S.A.
Kaufman, A unique magic bowl from Nippur, Journal of Near
Eastern Studies 32 (1973), 170-174.
p.59. Ephrem, Commentary on Genesis,
VIII.1.
p.60. Poems on months: for Jewish Aramaic, see
M.L. Klein, Genizah Manuscripts of Palestinian Targum to the
Pentateuch, I (Cincinnati, 1986), 186-193, 198-209; for
Syriac, see Brock, A dispute between the months and some
related Syriac texts, Journal of Semitic Studies 30
(1985), 181-211. // Dialogue between Moses and the
Angels: Sokoloff and Yahalom, Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
Poetry, 116-121.
p.61. Sheiltot: for the background, see R. Brody,
The Geonim of Babylonia (New Haven, 1998).
pp.61-62. Origins of the Zohar: I. Tishby, The
Wisdom of the Zohar I (Oxford, 1989), 13-18.
p.62. Samaritan Aramaic literature: an overview can
be found in A.D. Crown, Samaritan Scribes and
Manuscripts (Tbingen, 2001), 17-22.
p.63. Quotation from poem in Rodrigues Pereira,
Studies in Aramaic Poetry, 440-444.
p.66. Quotation from W. Foerster, Gnosis II
(Oxford,1974), 240.
p.67. For Theodore bar Konis quotation from a
Mandaic text, see D. Kruisheer, Theodore bar Konis Ktaba
d-Eskolyon as a source for the study of early Mandaeism,
Jaarbericht Ex Oriente Lux 33 (1993/4), 151-169.
p.68. Quotation from Foerster, Gnosis II,
151.
p.75. The Inscription is published by J. Jarry,
Inscriptions syriaques, pp.215-216 (no. 20).
p.79a. Paris Syr. 27. See below, pp.162-164.
p.79b. BL Add. 14531.
p.80. For the inscription, see p.164.
p.83. For the inscription, see J. Jarry,
Inscriptions syriaques, Annales Islamologiques 10
(1972), 213-214 (not very accurately read); the other Psalm
verse quoted on the door is 42:9.
p.85a. Vat. Syr. 158; Tisserant, Specimina,
plate 29a.
p.85b. Vat. Syr. 22, dated 1301; Hatch,
Album, plate 175.
p.86a. Seal of Yahbalaha III: see J.Hamilton, Le
texte turc en caractres syriaques du grand sceau cruciforme de
Mar Yahballaha III, Journal asiatique 260 (1972),
155-170.
p.93. Quotation from C.R.C. Allberry, A Manichaean
Psalm-Book (Stuttgart, 1938), p.193.
p.95. Monastery in Fukien: see S.N.C. Lieu,
Manichaeism in Central Asia and China (Leiden, 1998),
177-195.
pp.95-98. The earlier Christian Palestinian Aramaic
texts are now being reedited by C. Mller-Kessler and M.
Sokoloff, A Corpus of Christian Palestinian Aramaic, I-
(1996-).
pp.97-98. Liturgy of the Nile:G. Margoliouth, The
Liturgy of the Nile Journal of the Royal Asiatic
Society 1896, 677-731, esp. 723. (The rest of the
manuscript, BL Or. 4951), was edited by M. Black, Rituale
Melchitarum (Stuttgart, 1938)).
p.99. Ephrem, Carmina Nisibena, XXXVI.2.
p.100. Isaac of Antioch: quotation from ed. P.
Bedjan, p.503. // Dialogue between Satan and the Sinful
Woman: ed. and tr. Brock in Oriens Christianus 72
(1988), 21-62.
p.102. Barhebraeus, Chronicle (ed. Bedjan,
168-169; tr. Budge, 152-153). // Prophecy of Baba:
ed. Brock, A Syriac collection of prophecies of the pagan
philosophers, in Studies in Syriac Christianity
(Aldershot, 1992), chapter VII.
p.103. St Stephen, protomartyr; from a mid
nineteenth-century painting in the Monastery of St Mark,
Jerusalem.
p.122. Life of Daniel of Galash: Paris Syr. 235,
f.166r. // Evagrius, Ecclesiastical History,
IV.27 (English translation, M. Whitby, The Ecclesiastical
History of Evagrius (Liverpool, 2000), 225-228). //
Poem on the church of Sophia (Divine Wisdom), Edessa:
translation in K. McVey, The soghitha on the church of
Edessa, Aram 5 (1993), 329-370. // Edessa icon:
A. Cameron, The history of the image of Edessa, ch.XI in her
Changing Cultures in Early Byzantium (Aldershot, 1996),
and H.J.W. Drijvers, The image of Edessa in the Syriac
tradition, in H.L. Kessler and G. Wolf (eds), The Holy Face
and the Paradox of Representation (Villa Spelman Colloquia
6, 1998), 13-31.
p.123. Athanasius bar Gumoye: Michael,
Chronicle XI.16 (tr. Chabot, pp.476-477). //
Colophon of AD 723: R.W. Thomson, An eighth-century Melkite
colophon from Edessa, Journal of Theological Studies NS
13 (1962), 249-258.
p.124.
Enyono on Abgar: BL Add. 14697,
f.168r; the manuscript dates from the 12th
century.
p.127. Quotation from Sergius of
Reshcaina: from his Introduction to Aristotles
Categories, in BL Add. 14658, ff.60v-61r, cited in
S.P.Brock, The Syriac background to the world of Theodore of
Tarsus, repr. in From Ephrem to Romanos (Aldershot,
1999), chapter III, p.43. (Chapter IV of the same volume,
The Syriac Commentary tradition, provides an overview of the
Syriac translations and commentaries on Aristotles
Organon).
p.128. Gospel manuscript of 615: BL Add. 14471;
Hatch, Album, plate CLXI. // Isaac of Nineveh:
see Brock, From Qatar to Tokyo, by way of Mar Saba,
Aram 22/12 (1999/2000), 475-484. // Gospel
manuscript of 600: BL Add. 14460; Hatch, Album, plate
CLX. // Life of Marutha (schools established): ed. F.
Nau, in Patrologia Orientalis 3, 65-66. //
Al-Farabi: see D. Gutas, The Alexandria to Baghdad complex
of narratives, in Documenti e studi sulla tradizione
filosofica medievale 10 (1999), 155-193.
p.129. Timothy, Letter 44, for which see R.J.
Bidawid, Les lettres du patriarche Timothe I (Rome,
1956), 35-36.
p.130.
The Healing Hand. Man and Wound in the
Ancient World (Cambridge Mass. 1975), 422. //
Quotations from Hunayn: F. Rosenthal, The Classical
Heritage in Islam (London 1975), 20-21 (Risala 3 and
20).
p.131. Johannitius: For the Latin text, see G.
Maurach, Johannicius Isagoge ad Techne Galieni, Sudhoffs
Archiv 62 (1978), 148-174; another Syriac medical writer
who reached the medieval Latin West by way of an Arabic
translation was Yuhanna ibn Sarabiyun, on whom see G. Troupeau,
Du syriaque au latin par lintermdiaire de larabe,
Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 4 (1994), 267-277. Isokh
and Abusaid: see S.A. Vardanyan, Ancient Armenian
translations of the works of Syrian physicians, Revue des
tudes armniennes 16 (1982), 213-219. //
Manuscript of 1214: Damascus, Patriarchate 6/1. //
Pharmaceutical text from Turfan: M. Maroth, Ein Fragment
eines syrischen pharmazeutischen Rezeptbuches aus Turfan,
Altorientalische Forschungen 11 (1984), 115-125.
p.132. Ninth-century manuscript: BL Add. 14659.
p.133. Severus Sebokht on Indian numerals: F. Nau,
La plus ancienne mention orientale des chiffres indiens,
Journal asiatique 10:16 (1910), 225-227.
// On the Constellations: Paris Syr. 346, for which
see F. Nau, in Revue de lOrient Chrtien 27 (1929/30),
327-410, 28 (1932), 85-100. // On the astrolabe:
English translation by M. Margoliouth, in R. Gunther,
Astrolabes of the World. I, The Eastern
Astrolabes (Oxford, 1932), 82-103. // Job of
Edessa, Book of Treasures: tr. A. Mingana (Cambridge,
1935), p.77.
p.134. Mar Augen Monastery: J-M. Fiey, Nisibe,
mtropole syriaque (CSCO Subs. 54, 1977), 134-41; D.
Wilmshurst, The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of
the East, 1318-1913 (CSCO Subs.104, 2000); G. Bell
(re-edition, with Introduction and Notes by M. Mundell Mango),
The Churches and Monasteries of Tur Abdin (London,
1982), 3-5, 135.
p.135. Restoration of 1271: see Brock, Notes on
some monasteries on Mount Izla, Abr Nahrain 19
(1980/1), 1-19, esp. pp.3-4 (repr. in Syriac Perspectives on
Late Antiquity (London, 1984), chapter XV).
p.136. Inscription of 1218: Brock, Notes,
pp.5-6. // Ms of 1558: Cambridge, Add.1988.
// Ms of 1739: Mingana Syr. 166. // Inscription of
1838: Brock, Notes, pp.1-2. // Ms of 1842/3:
Mingana Syr. 496.
pp.148-150. The inscriptions are given by E.
Littmann, Die Gemlde der Sergios-Kirche in Sadad, Oriens
Christianus 25/26 (1928/9), 288-291, and (in a little more
detail) in his Syria. Division 4, Semitic Inscriptions;
Section B, Syriac Inscriptions (Leiden, 1934), 56-62 (he
records on p.59 that his guide informed him that the rider
saints depicted on p.147a were Bacchus and Sergius).
p.149. For Severus and Dorotheos, see the Arabic
Synaxary for February 8th, inPatrologia Orientalis
11, p.791.
p.150. For Moses as an Ethiopian prince, see on
p.168.
p.151b. For the inscription of 914, see on p.162.
p.153. Monastery of Mar Barsauma: E. Honigmann,
Le couvent de Barsauma et le Patriarcat Jacobite
dAntioche (CSCO Subs. 7, 1954), 3-76; M. Thierry,
Monuments chrtiens de Haute-Msopotamie, Syria 70
(1993), 179-204, esp. pp.192-194; H. Kaufhold, Notizen zur
spten Geschichte des Barsaum-Klosters, Hugoye 3:2
(2000). Fire: Michael, Chronicle XXI.1
(tr. Chabot, pp.391-393). // Ms of 1196: BL Add. 12174
[Cat. 960]. // Ms of 569: BL Add. 14599. // Ms of
1206: Paris Syr. 289.
p.154. Vincent of Beauvais: the quotation can be
found in Honigmann, Le couvent de Barsauma, p.71.
// Ms of of 1578: Leningrad (St Petersburg), Cat. No.
13. // Ms of 1658-61: Harvard Syr. 54. //
Simeon the Stylite at the Monastery of Eusebona: R. Doran,
The Lives of Simeon Stylites (Kalamazoo, 1992), p.116.
// Jacob: Michael the Syrian, Chronicle XI.15
(see also on p.164).
p.155. Two manuscripts written at the Monastery of
Eusebona: BL Or. 8731 (of 834) and St Petersburg (Leningrad),
Catalogue, no. 1 (Samuel; of 6th century).
//Monastery of Mor Gabriel: for the early history,
see A.N. Palmer, Monk and Mason on the Tigris Frontier. The
Early History of Tur Abdin (Cambridge, 1990). G. Bell
(ed. Mundell Mango), Churches and Monasteries, 6-10,
31-35, 137-139. // Fame of the three saintsEthiopia:
they are commemorated in the Ethiopian Synaxary (Patrologia
Orientalis 26, 50-53). // Simeon of the Olives:
summary of his life in Brock, The Fenqitho of the monastery of
Mar Gabriel in Tur Abdin, Ostkirchliche Studien 28
(1979), 168-82, esp. pp.174-179. // Ms of
770: BL Or. 8732, illustrated on p.54; cp Brock, The
earliest known manuscript written at the Monastery of mor
Gabriel Stimme des Tur Abdin 5(18) (1999), 6-8.
// Palimpsest with Iliad and Euclid: BL Add. 17210-11
[Cat. 687]. // Elia of Qartmin, Life of
Philoxenus: ed. A. de Halleux, CSCO Scr. Syri 100-101, 1963;
the related prose Life was translated by A. Mingana, New
documents on Philoxenus of Hierapolis, The Expositor
VIII.19 (1920), 149-160 (Mingana probably used Manchester, John
Rylands Syr. 45), and the Syriac text has been published by
Brock (from Harvard Syr. 38) in Qolo Suryoyo 110 (1996),
253-244.
p.156. Inscription of Theodosius: ed. A.N. Palmer,
in Oriens Christianus 71 (1987), p.114. //
Manuscript of 1838: see Brock, Fenqitho. //
Monastery of Rabban Hormizd: J.M. Fiey, Assyrie
chrtienne II (Beirut, 1965), 533-548; Wilmshurst, The
Ecclesiastical Organisation, 258-270. //
Funerary inscriptions of the Patriarchs: published by J-M.
Vost, Les inscriptions de Rabban Hormizd et de Notre Dame
des Semences, prs dAlqosh, Iraq, Le Muson 43 (1930),
263-316.
p.157. Report of 1610: Wilmshurst,
Ecclesiastical Organisation, 261. //
Manuscripts copied by Giwargis: see Wilmshurst,
Ecclesiastical Organisation, 244-245 with note 242 [at
least 48 mss]. // Monastery of St Mark,
Jerusalem: see especially A.N. Palmer, The history of the
Syrian Orthodox in Jerusalem, I-II, Oriens Christianus
75 (1991), 16-43; 76 (1992), 74-94; A.N. Palmer and J. van
Gelder, Syriac and Arabic inscriptions at the Monastery of St
Marks in Jerusalem, Oriens Christianus 78 (1994),
33-63; J. Pahlitzsch, St Maria Magdalena, St Thomas und St.
Markus. Tradition und Geschichte dreier syrisch-orthodoxen
Kirchen in Jerusalem, Oriens Christianus 81 (1997),
82-106. // Pilgrimage of 1491/2: Palmer,
The history, I, pp.21-25.
p.158. Inscription: Palmer and van Gelder, Syriac
and Arabic inscriptions, 34-37 (no.1). // Mss of
1138 and 1149: Lyon ms 1, Paris Syr. 51, on which see Palmer,
The history, II. // Ms of 1352/3: Paris Syr.
213. // East Syriac presence in Jerusalem: several East
Syriac manuscripts of the late 16th to the early
18th century record pilgrimages to Jerusalem, and a catalogue
of their library (in the monastery of St Mary Magdalene)
survives (compiled by a priest from Tell Keph in 1717/8): A.
Rcker, Ein alter Handschriftenkatalog des ehemaligen
nestorianischen Klosters in Jerusalem, Oriens
Christianus III.6 (1931), 90-96. After the East Syriac
presence in Jerusalem came to an end , in the 18th
century, most of the manuscripts ended up in the Greek Orthodox
Patriarchate, and were catalogued by J.B. Chabot, Notice sur
les manuscrits syriaques conservs dans la bibliothque du
Patriarcat grec orthodoxe de Jrusalem, Journal
Asiatique IX.3 (1894), 92-134.
pp.158-159. Mor Athanasius Samuel: see his
Treasure of Qumran. My Story of the Dead Sea Scrolls
(London, 1968).
p.159. Monastery of Mar Mattai: Fiey, Assyrie
chrtienne II, 759-770; Patriarch Ignatius
Yacqub, Dafaqat at
tib fi tarikh dayr al qiddis
Mar Matta al ajab (Zahle, 1961). // Timothy, Letter on
translation of Aristotle, Topika: Letter 43; English
translation in Brock, Two Letters of the Patriarch Timothy
from the late eighth century on translations from Greek,
Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 9 (1999), 235-237.
p.160. Dionysius: Timothy, Letters 43, 33 and 37.
// Manuscript of 766: Mosul, Syrian Orthodox
bishopric, 1/97; from this manuscript BL Or. 2306 and Mingana
Syr. 24 were copied. // Syrohexapla: Timothy, Letter
47; English translation in Brock, A Brief Outline of Syriac
Literature (Kottayam, 1997), 245-250. // Ms of
1220/1260: see J-M. Fiey, Iconographie syriaque: Hulago,
Doquz Khatunet six ambons?, Le Muson 88 (1975), 59-68
(I am very gratefult to Giovanni Lenzi for re-examining the
colophon and for confirming that the later date (reading
e rather than lamadh) seems the most
likely). // Monastery of Mar Musa: H. Kaufhold,
Notizen ber das Moseskloster bei Nabk und das Julianskloster
bei Qaryatain in Syrien, Oriens Christianus 79 (1995),
48-119; the Arabic Life of Mar Musa, the Ethiopian prince
(depicted in the wall painting in Sadad, illustrated on p.150)
has been edited by Abboud Haddad, Dayr Mar Musa
al-Habashi (Damascus, 1999), 233-262. // For the
wallpaintings at Mar Musa, see below, on p.218-220.
p.161. Life of John bar Aphtonia: ed. F. Nau,
Histoire de Jean bar Aphtonia, Revue de lOrient
Chrtien 7 (1902), 97-135, and see J.W. Watt, A portrait
of John bar Aphtonia, founder of the Monastery of Qenneshre,
in H.W. Drijvers and J.W. Watt, Portraits of Spiritual
Authority (Leiden, 1999), 155-169. The calendar of the
Monastery of Qenneshre was published by F. Nau, in Patrologia
Orientalis 10.
p.162. Deir es Suryani: H.G. Evelyn White, The
Monasteries of the Wadi n Natrun.II, The History of the
Monasteries of Nitria and Scetis (New York, 1932), 309-321
(see also, on p.226-228, below). // Ms bought in 576:
Vatican Syr. 142; see Evelyn White, II, 319-320.
// bought...in the early eighth century: more likely,
the early ninth century; see L. van Rompay and A.B. Schmidt,
Takritans in the Egyptian desert: the Monastery of the Syrians
in the ninth century, in Journal of the Canadian Society
for Syriac Studies 1 (2001), 41-60. // Inscription on
sanctuary screen of 914: Evelyn White, III, The
Architecture and Archaeology (New York 1933), p.197.
p.163. Quotation concerning the arrival of books:
BL Add. 14445 (see W. Cureton, The Festal Letters of
Athanasius (London, 1848), xxv-xxvi note). //
Note of 943: in BL Add. 14525 (cited in W. Wright,
Catalogue, p.394). // Surviving manuscripts
collected by Moses: Evelyn White, Monasteries, II,
443-445; on Moses, see also J. Leroy, Moise de Nisibe,
Symposium Syriacum 1972 (Orientalia Christiana Analecta
197; 1974), 457-470; M. Blanchard, Moses of Nisibis
(fl.906-943) and the Library of Deir Suriani, in L.S.B.
MacCoull (ed.), Studies in the Christian East in Memory of
Mirrit Boutros Ghali (Washington DC, 1995), 13-26; and
Brock, Without Mushe of Nisibis where would we be?,
forthcoming in Symposium Syriacum VIII. //Ms
of 411: BL Add. 12150.
p.164. Inscription of 927 on inlaid door: Evelyn
White, The Architecture and Archaeology, p.187 (the
door is illustrated on p.80, above). // Syriac mss
in Monastery of St Paul: BL Add. 14632 (the colophon is
translated in Evelyn White, Monasteries, II,
pp.289-290). // Ms of 903: BL Or. 5021 (on which see
Brock, Notulae Syriacae, Le Muson 108 (1995), 69-78,
esp. pp.74-76). At least one Syriac manuscript, the
Vorlage (dated 1234) of Mingana Syr. 174, is known to have been
written at the famous Egyptian Monastery of St Antony; this
is interesting, in that a Syriac inscription, identifying the
monk St Barsauma, is to be found on one of the wall paintings:
P. van Moorsel, Le monastre de Saint Antoine (Cairo,
1997), I, pp.130-131; II, plates 67-68. // Monastery of
Tell Ada: see V. Ruggieri, Il Grande Monasterio di Tell
Ada, Orientalia Christiana Periodica 58 (1992),
157-184. // Theodoret: Historia Religiosa, 4.
// Biographical note on Jacob of Edessa: Michael,
Chronicle XI.15 (tr. Chabot, 471-472; the passage is
translated in Brock, A Brief Outline of Syriac
Literature (Kottayam, 1997), pp.268-270). //
Manuscript of Isaac of Antioch: BL Add.14591; Add. 14579,
written in Harran in 913, was bought in 943 by a certain
Abraham who seems to have been a monk of Tell Ada. //
Syriac inscription of 942: E. Littmann, Semitic
Inscriptions; B, Syriac Inscriptions (Leiden, 1934),
17. // Inscription of 859: Littmann,
Semitic Inscriptions; B, Syriac Inscriptions, 18-19.
p.165. Deir ez Zacfaran: G. Bell (ed.
M. Mango), The Churches and Monasteries of Tur Abdin
(London, 1982), 132-135; G. Aydin, Dayro d-Kurkmo
[Syriac-Turkish] (Monastery of St Ephrem, Holland, 1985);
Gabriyel Akyz, Deyrulzafaran manastirinin tarihi
(Mardin, 1998). // Ms of 1308/9: Paris Syr. 346 +
392. // Dolabanis Catalogues: now published (in three
volumes) by Mor Gregorios Yuhanna Ibrahim, (Damascus,
1994).
p.166. Visit of Patriarch Peter IV (1872-94) to
Queen Victoria: see P.Y. Dolabani, Patryarke
d-Antyukya (Monastery of St Ephrem, Holland, 1990),
261-276.
p.167. St Theodore; wallpainting in the church of St
Theodore, Bahdidat (see on p.223).
p.169a. Paris Syr. 70.
p.169b. Paris Syr. 356.
p.174a. St Catherines Monastery, Syriac New Finds
(evidently part of Sinai Syr. 28).
p.174b. Wolfenbttel, Herzog August Bibliothek,
3.1.300 Aug. fol. (the colophon is given in J. Assfalg,
Verzeichnis der orientalischen Handschriften in
Deutschland, V, Syrische Handschriften (Wiesbaden,
1963), 11-12).
pp.190-191. A number of Sasanian seal stones have
Christian symbols: cp P. Gignoux, Sceaux chrtiens dpoque
sasanide, Iranica Antiqua 15 (1980), 299-314.
pp.192-198. See especially I. Gillman and H-J.
Klimkeit, Christians in Asia before 1500 (Richmond,
1999).
p.194. Bar Shabba: the fragments of the Sogdian and
Syriac texts of the Life of Bar Shabba, found at Bulayiq (near
Turfan), were published by F.W.K. Mller and W. Lentz,
Sogdische Texte II (Sitzungsberichte der preuss. Akad.
Wiss., Berlin, ph.-hist. Kl., 1934), 522-528 (Sogdian), 559-564
(Syriac); for a later Syriac Life, see Brock, Bar Shabba/Mar
Shabbay, first bishop of Merv, in M. Tamcke, W. Schwaigert
and E. Schlarb (eds), Syrische Christentum weltweit.
Festschrift W. Hage (Studien zur Orientalischen
Kirchengeschichte 1; Hamburg, 1995), 190-201. (Quotation
adapted from Gillman and Klimkeit, Christians in Asia,
211). // Letter of Timothy to the Maronites:
Bidawid, Lettres, 91-125. (Translation adapted from A.
Mingana, Early spread of Christianity in Central Asia and the
Far East, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 9
(1925), 335).
p.195. Inscription of 1316: F. Nau, Les pierres
tombales nestoriennes du Muse Guimet, Revue de lOrient
Chrtien 18 (1913), 19. // Conversion of
Keraits: on this see E.C.D. Hunter, The conversion of the
Kerait to Christianity, AD 1007, Zentralasiatische
Studien 22 (1989/1991), 142-163, and Gilman and Klimkeit,
Christians in Asia before 1500, 226-230.
p.196. For Syriac Christianity in China, see now N.
Standaert (ed.), Handbook of Christianity in China, I,
635-1800 (Leiden, 2001), 1-42 (under the Tang dynasty,
by P. Ribaud), 43-11 (under the Yuan dynasty, by J. van
Mechelen); this is particularly strong on the Chinese sources
and archaeological remains. // Quotation from J. Foster,
The Nestorian Tablet and Hymn (London, [1939]), 10.
p.197. Quotation from J. Foster, Nestorian
Tablet,25.
p.200. Main archaeological finds: see especially
M.A. Lala Comneno, Nestorianism in Central Asia during the
first millennium: archaeological evidence;, Journal of the
Assyrian Academic Society 11:1 (1997), 20-67 (translation
of Italian article in Orientalia Christiana Periodica 61
(1995), 495-535); and W. Klein, A Christian heritage on the
northern Silk Road: archaeological and epigraphic evidence of
Christianity in Kyrgystan, Journal of the Canadian Society
for Syriac Studies 1 (2001), 85-100.
p.201a-b. Vatican Syr. 59.
p.202. For the flute-playing shepherd, see R.
Stichel, Die musizierenden Hirten von Bethlehem, in W.
Hrandner and E. Trapp (eds), Lexicographica Byzantina
(Vienna, 1991), 249-282; the origin of this lies in a popular
etymology of the Greek word agraulountes in Luke 2:8,
linking it with aulos flute (the word properly means
live out of doors).
p.203. BL Add. 7174.
p.206a. BL Add. 12150.
p.206c. [The illustration is unfortunately
missing].
p.208a. Manuscript formerly belonging to the Sbath
collection, now evidently in a private collection.
p.208b. St Catherines Monastery, Syr. 111.
p.209. Evangelists, Azakh Gospel Lectionary (see on
p.238).
p.210. Quotation: tr. McVey (see on p.122), pp.356,
358 (stanzas 5, 6, 15).
p.211. Inscription on lectern: see on p.43, where it
is illustrated.
p.212. Inscriptions on Chalice and Paten: published
by R. Degen in T. Ulbert, Resafa III (Mainz, 1990),
65-76.
p.213. Life of Mar Gabriel: see Palmer, Monk and
Mason on the Tigris Frontier. The Early History of Tur
Abdin (Cambridge, 1990).
p.214. Syriac inscription of 743: Palmer, A
Corpus, 93-96 (B.1). // Names of contributors:
Palmer, A Corpus, 98-10 (B.3). // Gospel
Lectionary: dated 1227 (see on p.237), illustrated on
pp.179-184.
p.215. Mar Behnam: Fiey, Assyrie chrtienne
(Beyrouth, 1965), II, 565-609. Among the manuscripts written
at Mar Behnam is a complete Bible, dated 1651; this is
illustrated in R.H. Fischer, A Tribute to Arthur Vbus
(Chicago, 1977), plate 1.
p.216. Mosaics at Mor Gabriel Monastery: E.J.W.
Hawkins and M.C. Mango, The mosaics of the monastery of Mar
Samuel, Mar Simeon and Mar Gabriel near Kartmin, Dumbarton
Oaks Papers 27 (1973), 279-296.
p.217. For some recent studies on wall paintings, see
A. Badwi, The wall paintings of Mount Lebanon, in E. Zayat
and M. Immerzeel (eds), Documentation and Conservation of
Art in Syria (Leiden, 2000), 61-68, and Medieval Syriac
mural paintings in Mount Lebanon, Parole de lOrient 26
(2001), 71-87; E. Cruikshank-Dodd, Christian Arab painters
under the Mamluks, Aram 9/10 (1997/8), 257-288; N.
Helou, Wall paintings in Lebanese churches, Essays on
Christian Art and Culture in the Middle East 2 (1999),
13-36; M. Immerzeel, Inventory of Lebanese wall paintings,
Essays on Christian Art and Culture in the Middle East 3
(2000), 2-19; T. Velmans, Observations sur quelques
peintures murales en Syrie et Palestine et leur composante
Byzantine orientale, Cahiers archologiques 42 (1994),
123-138; S. Westphalen, Wandmalereien in syrischen und
libanesischen Kirchen, Antike Welt 31:5 (2000),
487-502.
p.218. Wall paintings of Mar Musa Monastery: E.
Cruikshank Dodd, The Frescoes of Mar Musa al-Habashi. A
Study in Medieval Painting in Syria (Toronto, 2001).
p.223. St Theodore, Bahdeidat: M. Tallon, Une
glise peinture clbre au Liban: Mar Tadros de Bahdeidat,
Annales dhistoire et darchologie 7 (1996), 45-53;
Immerzeel, Inventory, p.4 (no.1); E. Cruikshank Dodd, Mar
Tadros, Bahdeidat: paintings in a Lebanese church from the
thirteenth century, Journal of the Canadian Society for
Syriac Studies 1 (2001), 61-84. // Mar Sharbel,
Macad: Immerzeel, Inventory, p.4 (no.2).
p.224. St Saba, Edd-Batroun: Immerzeel,
Inventory, pp.6-7 (no.5). // Qadisha Valley, Deir
Salib: Immerzeel, Inventory, p.8 (no.7). // Mart
Shmuni: Immerzeel, Inventory, p.15 (no.23).
p.225. Sidet ed-Darr: Immerzeel, Inventory, p.9
(no.8). // St Phokas, Amiun: Immerzeel,
Inventory, p.6 (no.6).
p.226. St Marina, near Tripoli: C.L. Bross, Les
peintures de Marina, prs de Tripoli, Syria 7 (1926),
117-118. Immerzeel, Inventory, pp.10-11 (no. 11). //
Deir es-Suryani: see above, on p.162-164. For recent
finds of paintings, see K.C. Inneme and others, in Parole
de lOrient 23 (1998), 167-202, Mitteilungen zur
christlichen Archologie 4 (1998), 79-103, and
Hugoye 1:2 (1998), 2:2 (1999). // On the
stuccoes: M. Immerzeel, The crowned altar: the stuccoes of
Deir al-Surian and their historical background, Essays on
Christian Art and Culture in the Middle East 3 (2000),
2-19.
p.229.Metal covers: cp A. Baumstark, Der
Crucifixus mit dem kniglichen Diadem auf einem modernen
mesopotamischen Silberdeckel, Rmische Quartalschrift
24 (1910), 30-35; and Syrische und armenische Bucheinbnde in
getriebenem Silber, Monatshefte fr Kunstwissenschaft 8
(1915), 443-452.
p.230. Rabbula Gospels: illustrations on
pp.170-172; J. Leroy, Les manuscrits syriaques
peintures I-II (Paris, 1964), 139-197.
p.232. Paris Bible: illustrations on pp.173-174;
Leroy, Les manuscrits, 208-219.
p.233. Manuscript in Diyarbakir: Leroy, Les
manuscrits, 207-208. // Harvard Syr. 2 and 4: L.
Nees, Two illuminated Syriac manuscripts in the Harvard
College Library, Cahiers Archologiques 29 (1980/1),
123-142. // BL Or. 3372: Leroy, Les
manuscrits, 261-267.
p.234. Vatican Syr. 559: illustrations on
p.201a-b; Leroy, Les manuscrits, 280-302; for the
problem of the date, see above, on p.160.
p.235. BL Add. 7170: Leroy, Les manuscrits,
302-313.
p.236. BL Add. 7169: Leroy, Les manuscrits,
350-366; Le soghitha du chrubin et du larron, source dune
miniature du manuscrit syriaque BM Add.7169, Parole de
lOrient6/7 (1975/6), 413-419; E. Balicka-Witakowska,
The story of the Invention of the Holy Cross illustrated in
two Syriac manuscripts, in R. Favreau and M-H. Debis (eds),
Iconographica. Mlanges offerts P. Skubiszewski
(Poitiers, 1999), 1-13. // Dioscorus Theodorus:
illustrations on pp.175-178; Leroy, Les manuscrits,
371-383;L. Doumato, The art of bishop Dioscorus Theodorus,
Arte Cristiana 87 (1999), 245-60; Opening the door to
Paradise: bishop Theodorus and Saint Thomas imagery in
thirteenth-century Syria, al Masaq 12 (2000),
141-171. Cp also L-A. Hunt, Leaves from an illustrated
Syriac Lectionary of the seventh/thirteenth century, in D.
Thomas (ed.), Syrian Christians under Islam (Leiden,
2001), 185-202.
p.237. Lectionary of Mardin: Leroy, Les
manuscrits, 383-389. // Lectionary of 1227:
illustrations on pp.179-184; Leroy, Les manuscrits,
321-332; see also P. Harb, Unbekannte Handschriften im Tur
Abdin, IV Symposium Syriacum (Orientalia Christiana
Analecta 221; 1983), 349-354, esp. pp.351-353 (the date is
given wrongly on p.352). // Add. 7174:
illustration on p.203; Leroy, Les manuscrits, 396-403;
E. Balicka-Witakowski, Remarks on the decoration and
iconography of the Syriac Gospels, BL Add. 7174, Symposium
Syriacum VII (Orientalia Christiana Analecta 256, 1998),
641-659.
p.238. Azakh Gospels: illustrations on pp.204-205;
the telegraph line is illustrated in H. Hollerweger,
Turabdin. Lebendiges Kulturerbe. Living Cultural
Heritage (Linz, 1999), 274. // Inscriptions dated
715: P. Mouterde, Inscriptions en syriaque dialectal Kamed
Beqa, Mlanges de lUniversit Saint-Joseph 22
(1939), 71-106, and 44 (1968), 23-29. // Silverware plate
in St Petersburg: illustrated on p.88. // Silver
filigree jewelry: illustration in vol. III, p.74a.
p.239. Marvellous jeweller: Bar Ebroyo,
Chronicle (ed. Bedjan), p.560 (tr. Budge, p.477). //
Glazed bowl from Nishapur: W. Klein and J. Tubach, Ein
syrische Inschrift aus Nishapur/Iran, Archologische
Mitteilungen aus Iran 27 (1994), 279-280 and plate 64.
// seal from Preslav: Ibrahim breh d-Bakos; for lead
seals with Syriac inscriptions, see S. Heidemann and C. Sode,
Christlich-orientalische Bleisiegel im orientalischen
Mnzkabinett Jena, Aram 11/12 (1999/2000), 533-593,
esp. 552-559 (and, for, Preslav, 541, note 48). Mention
might also be made here of a unique example of a
Crusader-period copper coin of Edessa with Syriac script: D.
M. Metcalf, Coinage of the Crusaders and the Latin East
(London, 2nd edn. 1995), 36-37 with plate 7 (bottom
right); the obverse probably reads Joscelyn son of Joscelyn;
his hope is in God, while the reverse has a bust of St Thomas,
identified in Greek. The Joscelyn will thus be Joscelyn II
(1131-1150).
p.243. Scribes, from an illustration in a Manichaean
manuscript from Central Asia. // Quotations from Brock,
Bride of Light. Hymns on Mary from the Syriac Churches
(Kottayam, 1994), 25, 31.
p.244. Gatherings: F. Briquel-Chatonnet, Cahiers et
signatures dans les manuscrits syriaques: remarques sur les
manuscrits de la Bibliothque Nationale de France, in P.
Hoffmann (ed.), Recherches de codicologie compare Paris,
1998), 153-169.
p.245. Ms of 999: Damascus Patriarchate 12/9.
// Ms of 1042: Damascus Patriarchate 12/21 (in fact,
November 1041). // Gospel lectionary of 1911 in
Estrangelo script by Abraham Shikwana: Mingana Syr. 537.
Chronicle of Arbela: Berlin, Orient. fol. 3126. //
Ms of 411: Add. 12150. // Legal documents: see Vol. I,
p.159. // Ms in Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate:
12/1 (6th century, rather than the later date
implied by the Catalogue in Parole de lOrient 19
(1994), p.603). // Mss from Kharput in Houghton
Library: though several of Rendel Harris manuscripts ended up
in Harvard, the two very old Gospel manuscripts from Kharput
are in fact now in the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York
(nos.783, 784; probably both 6th
century).
p.246. East Syriac manuscripts at St Catherines
Monastery: see Mother Philothea of Sinai, Les nouveaux
manuscrits syriaques du Mont Sinai, in III Symposium
Syriacum (Orientalia Christiana Analecta 221, 1983),
333-339.
p.247. Mss of 615 and 600: BL Add. 14471 [Cat. 77],
14460 [Cat.76]. // Mss of 760 and 768: New York,
Pierpont Morgan 236; BL Add. 7157 [ RF 13]. // Ms of
945: Leningrad (St Petersburg), Cat. 38. // Ms written in
Malatya region: Damascus Patriarchate // Ms of 927: BL
Add. 17111 [Cat.176]. // Mss written on the Black Mountain:
see Brock, Syriac manuscripts copied on the Black Mountain,
near Antioch, in R. Schultz and M. Grg (eds), Lingua
Restituta Orientalis. Festgabe fr Julius Assfalg
(Wiesbaden, 1990), 59-67. // Ms of 1126: Mosul (Scher) 4,
Vorlage of Vatican, Borg. Syr. 113 of 1828.
p.248. Mss written and Monastery of St Mary
Magdalene, Jerusalem: Lyon, ms 1; Paris Syr. 51; Damascus
Patriarchate 12/4. // Outlying manuscripts:
mention should also be made of the Syriac lectionary fragment
from Dunhuang (western China), for which see W. Klein and J.
Tubach, Ein syrisch-christliches Fragment aus Dunhuang/China,
Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenlndischen Gesellschaft
144 (1994), 1-13 (and H. Kaufhold, in 145 (1996), 49-60).
// Ms of 1210: BL Add. 17232 [Cat. 469]. //
Ms of 1254: BL Add. 17227. // Mss of 1243 and 1262:
Leningrad (St Petersburg) Cat. 22; Vorlage of Leningrad, Cat.
41. // Habouris manuscript: sold at Sotherbys London,
in 1986; the figure giving the date is not entirely clear.
// Melkite mss written in Saidnaya:
Vatican Syr. 78 (of 1208), 82 (of 1214), 75 (of 1215), 80
(of 1236). // Melkite mss written on Sinai: see H.
Husmann, Die syrische Handschriften des Sinai-Klosters,
Herkunft und Schreiber, Ostkirchliche Studien 24
(1975), 281-308. // Ms of 1279: Paris Syr. 155.
// Ms of 1260: Vatican Syr. 59 (for the date, see above,
on p.160). // Ms of 1292: Mosul (Scher) 99, Vorlage
of Mingana Syr. 156.
p.249. Ms of 1301: Vatican Syr. 22; illustration
above, p.85 (on left). // Ms of 1364: BL Or.
1017 [Cat., p.890f]. // Ms of 1517: Leningrad
(St Petersburg), Cat. 12. // Ms of 1631: Vatican
Syr. 524. // Ms of 1657/60: Harvard Syr. 54; and see
now, H. Kaufhold, in Hugoye 3:2 (2000).
// Ms of 1648: Dolabani, Cat. Jerus.,
224-226. // Paris: Paris Syr. 89-90, 95-97, 99, 185, 188,
all written between 1689 and 1711.
p.250. Ms of 845: BL Add. 12153 [Cat. 335].
// Ms of 817: BL Add. 14593 [Cat. 704]. //
Ms of 1190: Paris Syr. 167 (cp F. Nau, Sur quelques
autographes de Michel le Syrien, Revue de lOrient
Chrtien II.9 (1914), 378-397). // Ms of
1179: Paris Syr. 64; some examples of Michaels handwriting
are given in J-B. Chabot, Chronique de Michel le Syrien,
I (Paris, 1899; repr. Bruxelles, 1963), opposite p.xl.
// Ms of 1504: Oxford, Marsh, 437 [Cat.55].
// Ms of 1569: Seert (Scher) 15. // Ms of 1683:
BL Egerton 703 [Cat. 305]. // Mss of 1691, 1693, 1706:
Assfalg, 2; Trichur, 67; Diyabakir (Scher), 33. //
Ms of July1556: Vatican Syr. 45.
p.251. Ms of December 1556: Vatican Syr. 128.
// Ms of 1468: Vatican Borg. 52. // Ms of 1557:
Vatican Syr. 88. // Mss of 724-726: BL Add. 12135,
14428, 14430 (cp Brock, Saba, the scribe who never made a
blotted tau, forthcoming in Manuscripts of the
Middle East). // Scribal families from Alqosh:
Wilmshurst, Ecclesiastical Organisation, 242-258.
p.252. Ms of 1931: Mingana Syr. 580. // Ms
of April 1894: Harvard Syr. 113. // Ms of July
1894: Mingana Syr. 159. // Ms of August 1894: Harvard
Syr. 112. // Ms of October 1894: Mingana Syr. 23.
// Ms of November 1894: Mingana Syr. 157. // Ms of
February 1895: Mingana Syr. 164. // Ms of July 1895:
Mingana Syr. 4. // Ms of September 1895:
Manchester, John Rylands Syr. 60. // Mss
commissioned by Marutha of Amid: Vatican Syr. 593, 624, 596,
594, 592, 588. // Mingana mss copied in 1930s from
Alqosh mss: Mingana Syr. 566, 586, 587, 593, 589, 594, 601,
604, 605. The latest manuscripts copied by Mattai bar Paulos
seem to Mingana Syr. 612 and 613, of 1934. //
Ms of 1701: BL Sloane 3597 [Cat. 304]. // Jacob of
Edessas revised translation of Severus Hymns: BL Add. 17134
[Cat. 421].
p.253. Ms of Zuqnin Chronicle: see A. Harrak, The
Chronicle of Zuqnin, Parts III and IV (Toronto, 1999),
9-17. // Chronography of Elia of Nisibis: BL
Add. 7197, dated 1018. // Philoxenus, Commentary on
Matthew and Luke: BL Add. 17126 [Cat. 674]. // Ms of
806: Jerusalem, Dolabani, Catalogue, 289-96. //
Ms of 1286: Damascus, Patriarchate 6/2. // Ms of
1285: Vorlage of Mingana Syr. 310. // Ms of
1850: Mingana Syr. 212.
p.254. Eras: see L. Bernhard, Die Chronologie der
Syrer (Vienna, 1969); and Die Chronologie der syrischen
Handschriften (Wiesbaden, 1971); also F.
Briquel-Chatonnet, Le temps du copiste, in F.
Briquel-Chatonnet and H. Lozachmeur (eds), Proche-Orient
ancient: temps vcu, temps pens (Paris, 1998), 197-210.
// Mss of 790, 806, 837, 1117: BL Add. 14548 [Cat.
558]; Jerusalem, Dolabani Cat. 289-296; Dublin, Chester
Beatty Syr. 3; // Mss with regnal year of
Khusrau II: BL Add. 14460, 14471. // Ms of 682: BL
Add. 14666 [Cat. 142]; see further Brock, The use of Hijra
dating in Syriac manuscripts: a preliminary investigation, in
a forthcoming volume of Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta.
// Ms of 1186: Vatican Syr. 467.
p.255. Ms of 837: for the scattered fragments of
this Sinai manuscript, see the introduction to the edition by
A. de Halleux, CSCO Scr. Syri 86 (1960), to which further
ones can be added: see Le Muson 73 (1960), 33-38; 81
(1968), 139-154; 88 (1975), 253-295. // Ms of 1227:
in Tur Abdin; for its illuminations, see above,
pp.179-184. // Ms of Dionysius the Areopagite:
Damascus, Patriarchate 12/23. // Ms of 999: Damascus
Patriarchate 12/9 (Dolabani, Catalogue, 129-132).
// Ms partly paid for by Askenuri: Paris Syr.
355.
p.256. East Syriac OT Lectionary: Berlin, Or. Fol.
1616 [Verz. 32]. // Ms of 1569 [read 1565]: Vatican
Syr. 617. // Ms of 1739: Mingana Syr. 166.
// Ms of 1885: Jerusalem, Dolabani,
Catalogue,124. // Ms of 1544: BL
Add.7178. // Ms of 1298: Vatican
Syr. 622. // Ms of 1521: Mosul (Scher) 74.
p.257. Ms of 1242: BL Add. 21210 [Cat. 841].
// Ms of 1578/9 [read 1598-99]: see Chabot,
Chronique de Michel le Syrien, I, xxxvii-xlii. //
Ms with note of 636: BL Add. 14461; translation in A.N.
Palmer, The Seventh Century in the West Syrian
Chronicles (Liverpool, 1993), 1-4. // Ms of 1149:
Damascus, Patriarchate 12/4; Dolabani, Cat. 136-141; English
translation by A.N. Palmer in Oriens Christianus 76
(1992), 85-87.
p.258. Ms of 1222: Damascus, Patriarchate 12/3
(Dolabani, Catalogue, 144-146). // Comet
of 1577: F. Nau, Une description orientale de la comte de
Novembre 1577, Revue de lOrient Chrtien 27 (1929/30),
212-214. // Ms of 1638: Paris Syr. 397.
p.259. Ms of 1792: Trivandrum, Malankara Catholic
bishopric, ms 22. // Ms of
1838: see above, on p.155. // Ms of 584: BL Add.
12160 [Cat. 590]. // Ms of 1234: BL Add. 17124
[Cat. 65].
p.260. Ms of 1364: BL Or. 1017 (in the previous
line some words have fallen out: read ...in a cave in 1395,
ended for when he finished). // Alphabet of
Bardaisan: the second line should read t
h z w n
d g b... // Ms of 509: BL Add.14542. //
Just as the sailor rejoices...: see Brock, The scribe
reaches harbour, Byzantinische Forschungen 21 (1995,
195-202 (repr. in From Ephrem to Romanos. Interactions
between Syriac and Greek in Late Antiquity (Aldershot,
1999), chapter 16). // Ms of 1015: BL Add. 12165
[Cat. 825]; for the place, see A N. Palmer in Oriens
Christianus 70 (1986), 38-49. // Ms of 1667: Athens
1801. // Ms of 790: BL Add. 14548 [Cat. 558];
illustrated in Vol. I, p.22(b). // Ms of 534: Sinai,
New Finds.
p.261. Latin and Greek colophons: see K. Treu, Der
Schreiber am Ziel, Studia Codicologica( Texte und
Untersuchungen 124; Berlin, 1977), 473-492. //
Garshuni: see J. Assfalg, Arabische Handschriften in
syrischer Schrift (Karshuni), in W. Fischer and H. Gtje
(eds), Grundriss der arabischen Philologie, I
(Wiesbaden, 1982), 297-302. // Manuscript of
10th century: BL Add. 14493 (f.181b, salutations
for an emir); the reverse, Syriac in Arabic script, seems to
be very rare, but an interesting example can be found in BL
Add. 17220 [Cat. 190] (Psalms; 13th
century). // Accounts in Garshuni: Mingana Syr.
592. // Greek in Syriac script: see J.M. Sauget,
Vestiges dune clbration Greco-syriaque de lAnaphore de
Saint Jacques, in After Chalcedon... A. van Roey
(Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 18; 1985), 309-345.
// Mss from Cyprus: e.g Vatican Syr. 477
(17th cent.). // Missal of 1549: BL
Harl. 5512 [Cat. 283], on which see J. Leroy, Une copie
syriaque du Missale Romanum de Paul III et son arrire-plan
historique, Mlanges de lUniversit Saint-Joseph 46
(1970/1), 353-382. // Lords Prayer in Persian:
Mingana Syr. 299G.
p.262. Armenian in Syriac script: Mingana Syr. 44,
of 1574/5; see Brock, Armenian in Syriac script, in D.
Kouymjian (ed.), Armenian Studies/Etudes armniennes in
Memoriam H. Berbrian (Lisbon, 1986), 75-80. //
Bronze doors of Basilica of St Paul: see A. Schall, Zur
syrische Inschrift am Bronzetor der Basilica San Paolo fuori le
Mure in Rom, Rmische Quartalschrift 65 (1970),
232-237. // Legend of Mary Magdalen: see A. van
Lantschoot, Marie-Madeleine en Provence, Le Muson 71
(1958), 87-96 (a Garshuni text of this is in Vatican Syr. 561,
of 1683). // Lawij: Ed. Mor Julius Cicek, kapo
da-hbobe (Monastery of St Ephrem, Holland, 1977), 22-32.
// Malayalam in Syriac characters: besides Vol. I, p.39-40,
see also T. Koonammakkal, Malayalam Karshon, The Harp
10:1-2 (1997), 59-63. // Palm Sunday hymns: Mingana
Syr. 520, f.6r-10v (c.1800).
NOTES TO Volume III: At the Turn of the Third
Millennium: The Syrian Orthodox Witness
p.5. Quotation from R. Hoberman, in Journal of
Semitic Studies 33 (1988), 340 (review of G. Krotkoff, A
Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Kurdistan (1982)).
p.7. On the various modern dialects and their
classification, see, e.g. W. Heinrichs (ed.), Neo-Aramaic
Studies (Atlanta, 1989); S. Hopkins, The Neo-Aramaic
dialects of Iran, Irano-Judaica 4 (Jerusalem, 1999),
311-327; and O. Jastrow, The Neo-Aramaic languages, in R.
Hetzron (ed.), The Semitic Languages (London, 1997),
334-377.
p.8. W. Arnold, Das Neuwestaramische I-IV
(Wiesbaden, 1989-1991. O. Jastrow, Der neuaramische
Dialekte von Mlahso (Wiesbaden, 1994).
p.9. O. Jastrow, Der neuaramische Dialekte von
Hertevin (Provinz Siirt) (Wiesbaden, 1988).
p.23. Vatican Ar. 55; Tisserant, Specimina,
plate 37b.
p.33. Quotation from Bar Ebroyo: Book of the
Dove, ch.IV (opening).
p.35. Over 70 available Anaphoras: a list of
published ones is given in Brock, Two recent editions of
Syrian Orthodox Anaphoras, Ephemerides Liturgicae 102
(188), 436-445; also H-J. Feulner, Zu den Editionen
orientalischer Anaphoren, in H-J. Feulner, E. Velkovska, and
R. Taft (eds), Crossroad of Cultures. Studies in Honor of
Gabriele Winkler (Orientalia Christiana Analecta 260;
2000), 259-277. // verse texts common to Maronite Shehimto
and Church of East: see M. Breydy, Kult, Dichtung und Musik
im Wochenbrevier der Syro-Maroniten, III (Kobayath, 1979),
434-462. // Jacob of Serugh in the Hudra: Brock, An
extract from Jacob of Serugh in the East Syrian Hudra,
Orientalia Christiana Periodica 55 (1989), 339-343.
// Syrian Orthodox Anaphora of the XII Apostles and Greek
Anaphora of St John Chrysostom: see especially R.F. Taft,
Some structural problems in the Syriac Anaphora of the Twelve
Apostles Aram 5 (1993), 505-520. // Akathist: in
Sinai Syr. 91 (an edition has been made by M. Roberts as part
of an Oxford MPhil dissertation, 1998). // John of
Damascus, Hymn on the Resurrection: this can be found in the
fifth volume of the Syrian Catholic Fenqitho (Mosul, 1892),
pp.342-345.
p.36. For a reproduction of a Melkite manuscript with
musical notation, see H. Husmann, Ein syro-melkitisches
Tropologion mit altbyzantinischer Notation, Sinai syr. 261
(Gttingen, 1975); the Melkite Horologion in Vatican Syr. 565
(15th cent.) likewise has notation; an exceptional
Syrian Orthodox example is the twelfth-century Beth Gazo,
Damascus, Patriarchate 5/4, and an East Syriac one is a
sixteenth-century Funeral service, Mingana Syr. 503, in which a
madrasha on f.81r is said to have the ancient musical notes
in the form of sloping strokes; F.Y. Dolabani, Catalogue
of Syriac Manuscripts in Syrian Churches and Monasteries
(Damascus, 1994), 482-483 gives samples of the notation marks.
// For Syriac saints, see J-M. Fiey, Les
saints syriaques (Princeton, forthcoming); they are quite
well covered in Enciclopedia dei Santi. Le chiesi
orientali I-II (Rome, 1998-1999).
p.47b. For the text of the inscription, see Palmer,
A Corpus, 64-67.
pp.66-68. Massacres: besides the books listed on
p.261, the following should be mentioned: P.V.M., Documents
sur les vnements de Mardine 1915-1920, Studia Orientalia
Christiana, Collectanea 29/30 (1996/7), 5-220; and
Sbastien de Courtois, Une communaut syriaque orthodoxe en
pril la fin de lempire ottoman, Diarbekir, Mardin et le Tur
Abdin (1880-1919), Doctoral disseration, Ecole Pratique des
Hautes Etudes, Sciences historiques et philologiques, Paris,
2001) [using material from French Foreign Office archives].
p.71. An early Syriac traveller to South America was
the Chaldean priest Elia bar Yuhannan of Mosul who set out from
Cadiz in 1675; for his account, see A. Rabbat, in
Mashriq 8 (1905), 821-834, 931-942, 974-983, 1022-1033,
1080-1088, and 1118-1129 (with a map indicating his travels,
opposite p.1120). His example was followed fifteen years
later by the Syrian Catholic bishop Athanasius Safar: see G.
Graf, Geschichte der christlichen arabischen Literatur,
IV (Rome, 1951), p.52.
p.72. Mention might be made of a very early
Syriac-speaker who travelled to Germany: a certain Barsamya
Barlaha scratched his name in early Estrangelo characters on an
ostracon found at Krefeld-Gellep: see the illustration in W.
Hilgers, Woher kamen die Rmer in Rheinland?, in Das
Rheinische Landesmuseum von Bonn, Berichte 2/01, p.37.
p.89. Emigration to Sweden: in this connection it is
worth drawing attention to an early use of Syriac in Sweden, to
be found in the painting of the Crucifixion by David Klcker
(1695) in Stockholm Cathedral, where the titulus on the
cross of one of the thieves is in Syriac script (serto), A
well-known evil-doer (and the titulus for Christ is in
Aramaic, rather than Hebrew).
p.123. SEERI: for its publications, see D.G.K.
Taylor, The publications of the St Ephrem Ecumenical Research
Institute, Hugoye 2:2 (1999).
pp.123-4. For a dispassionate article on this highly
emotive subject, see W. Heinrichs, The modern Assyriansname
and nation, in R. Contini, F.A. Pennacchietti, M. Tosco (eds),
Semitica. Serta philologica Constantino Tsereteli
dicata (Torino, 1993), 99-114; also the book by J. Joseph,
mentioned on p.261 (under ch.2, Church of the East).
p.125. For magazines, see especially G. Yonan,
Journalismus bei den Assyrern (Berlin, 1985); also Y.
Benjamin, Assyrian journalism: a 140-year experience,
Journal of the Assyrian Academic Society 7 (1993), 1-128
(with a listing of 126 magazines on pp.24-28), and A. Bar
Abreham, The question of Assyrian journalism revisited, in
the same journal, 9 (1995), 3-7.
p.126. Quotation from J. Amar, A Metrical Homily
on Holy Mar Ephrem by Jacob of Serugh, in Patrologia
Orientalis 47 (1995), 49. // Dominican Press in
Mosul: J-M. Fiey, Limprimerie des dominicains de Mossoul
1860-1914, Aram 5 (1993), 163-174.
p.127. Mar Narsai Press: Mar Aprem, Mar Narsai
Press, in J.F. Coakley and K. Parry (eds), The Church of
the East. Life and Thought (= Bulletin of the John Rylands
Library Manchester 78:3; 1996), 171-178. // Mardin
Syrian Orthodox Press: A.N. Palmer, The Mardin Syrian
Orthodox Press, Aleppo. A review, Parole de lOrient
23 (1998), 217-231 (also in Hugoye 1:1 (1998)).
p.128. One of the finest fruits...: in a
review of G. Kiraz, A Computer-Generated Concordance of the
Syriac New Testament, I-VI (Leiden, 1993). //
Aligned edition: G. Kiraz, Comparative Edition of the
Syriac Gospels, I-IV (Leiden, 1996). // Hugoye: now
under the umbrella of Beth Mardutho.
p.132. E. Wardini, Neologisms in Modern Literary
Syriac, in Mlanges de lUniversit Saint-Joseph
53:5 (1993/4) and 54 (1995/6). // Saumo of Pioz:
published in two parts by B. Poizat, La complainte sur la
peste de Pioz, in W. Heinrichs (ed.), Studies in
Neo-Aramaic (Atlanta, 1990), 161-179, 203-207, and in R.
Contini, F.A. Pennacchietti, M. Tosco (eds), Semitica:
Serta philologica Constantino Tsereteli dicata (Torino,
1993), 227-272. // Rhetor: on him see B. Poizat,
Jacques ltranger: la vie et louevre du Pre Jacques
Rhetor, Journal of the Iraqi Academy (Syriac
Corporation), 6 (1981/2), 524-536.
p.133. Archbishop of Canterburys Press, Urmia: J.F.
Coakley, The Archbishop of Canterburys Assyrian Mission
Press: a bibliography, Journal of Semitic Studies 30
(1985), 35-73. // Dispute between the Boys and the Tea
Kettle: re-edited (from Kokba, Nov. 24, 1909) by L.
Yaure, A poem in the Neo-Aramaic dialect of Urmia,
Journal of Near Eastern Studies 16 (1957), 73-87.
p.134. Dispute between the Cherub and the Thief:
F.A. Pennacchietti, Il Ladrone e il Cherubino. Dramma
liturgico cristiano orientale in siriaco e neoaramaico
(Torino, 1993). // Bedjan: H. Murre-van den Berg,
Paul Bedjan (1838-1920) and his Neo-Syriac writings in R.
Lavenant (ed.), VI Symposium Syriacum (Orientalia
Christiana Analecta 247; Rome 1994), 381-392; and for his
life, J.M. Vost, Paul Bedjan, le lazariste persan. Noters
bio-bibliographiques, Orientalia Christiana Periodica
11 (1945), 45-102. // Macuch: see also his article
Literature of the Assyrians in Iran, in Encyclopaedia
Iranica 2 (1987), 822-824.
p.135.
Durikhyatha: the earliest of these
have recently been edited and translated by A. Mengozzi, A
Story in a Truthful Language. Neo-Syriac Poems by Israel of
Alqosh and Joseph of Telkepe, north Iraq, 17th
century (Diss. Leiden, 2000; to be published in CSCO).
p.136. Manuscript of 1877: W. Heinrichs (ed.),
Studies in Neo-Aramaic (Atlanta, 1990), 184.
p.137b. For the Garshuni text, see Palmer and van
Gelder, Syriac and Arabic inscriptions at the Monastery of St
Marks in Jerusalem, Oriens Christianus 78 (1994),
43-44 (no.4).
p.156. Augustine, Confessions, IX.7; Jerome,
On Famous Men, 115; Sozomen, Ecclesiastical
History, III.16. // Works attributed to Ephrem in
Greek: the essential guide is M. Geerard, Clavis Patrum
Graecorum, II (Turnhout, 1974), 366-468, and
Supplementum (1998), 227-250. // Repentance of
Niniveh: ed. Beck, Sermones II.1 (CSCO 311-312; 1970)
= CPG 4082.
p.157. Greek papyrus at Tours: for these fragments
see especially K. Aland and H-U. Rosenbaum, Repertorium der
griechischen christlichen Papyri II/1,
Kirchenvter-Papyri, Beschreibungen (Texte und Studien
42; 1995), 171-196. // Memra on the Sinful Woman: ed.
Beck, Sermones II.4. //For the influence of St
Ephrem, see especially the various articles in Hugoye
1:2 (1998) and 2:1 (1999); also Brock, The changing faces of
St Ephrem as read in the West, forthcoming in the Festschrift
for Bishop Kallistos Ware (Crestwood, NJ).
p.157. Extract from the Acts of Thomas used as part
of a Eucharistic Anaphora: P. Bernard, Un passage perdu des
Acta Thomae latins conserv dans une anaphore mrovingienne,
Revue Bndictine 107 (1997), 24-39. // An
English translation of Hrothswithas drama on Abraham and his
niece can be found in K.M. Wilson, Hrotsvit of Gandersheim.
A Florilegium of her Works (Cambridge, 1998); for the
background: M. Schmidt, Influence de saint Ephrem sur la
littrature latine et allemande du dbut du moyen ge,
Parole de lOrient 4 (1973), 325-341.
// Life of Alexis translated into Old French: C.J.
Odenkirchen, The Life of St Alexius in the Old French
Version (Leiden, 1978). // Miles of Susa in the
Old English Martyrology: C. Hohler, Theodore and the
Liturgy, in M. Lapidge (ed.), Archbishop Theodore.
Commemorative Studies (Cambridge, 1995), 225-226.
p.158. Translations of Isaac: see Brock, From
Qatar to Tokyo by way of Mar Saba: the translations of Isaac
of Beth Qatraye (Isaac the Syrian), Aram 11-12
(1999/2000), 475-484. // Gregory of Tours: R. van
Dam, Gregory of Tours, Glory of the Martyrs (Liverpool,
1988), 51 (ch. 31). // Pseudo Methodius: Syriac, ed.
G.J. Reinink, CSCO Scr. Syri 220-221 (1993); Greek and Latin,
ed. W.J. Aerts and G.A.A. Kortekaas, CSCO Subs. 97-98
(1998).// Monk of Athos: quoted by Archimandrite
Vasileios, Hymn of Entry. Liturgy and Life in the Orthodox
Church (Crestwood NY, 1984), 131-132.
p.162. An overview of the beginnings of the European
study of Syriac can be found in Brock, The development of
Syriac studies, in K.J. Cathcart (ed.), The Edward Hincks
Bicentenary Lectures (Dublin, 1994), 94-113.
p.163. For the Missal of 1549, see on Volume II,
p.261.
pp.163-164. Ms of 1561: Cambridge Dd.10.10. //
Ms of Dionysius bar Salibis Commentary: Berlin, Petermann
186 [Verzeichnis, no.186]. // Patriarch
Nicmatallah in Rome: see G. Levi della Vida,
Ricerche sulla formazione del piu antico fondo dei
manoscritti orientali (Studi e Testi 93; 1939), 201-205,
and Il soggiorno a Roma del patriarca Siro Ignazio
Nacmatallah, in his Documenti intorno alle
relazioni delle Chiese orientali con la S. Sede durante il
Pontificato di Gregorio XIII (Studi e Testi 193; 1948),
1-113. // Ms of Michaels Chronicle: see on Vol. II,
p.257. // Maronite College: P. Raphael, Le
rle du collge maronite romain dans lorientalisme aux XVIIe
et XVIIIe sicles (Beirut, 1950). // J.S. Assemani:
see K. Rizk, in Encyclopdie Maronite, I (Kaslik,
1992).
p.165. Peyron: F.A. Pennacchietti, Un Epitalamio in
Siriaco dellAbate Amedeo Peyron (1785-1870) in onore di
Napoleone I e di Maria Luigia dAustria, in S. Curto (ed.),
Giornata di studio in onore di Amedeo Peyron (Firenze,
1998), 89-105.
pp.167ff. A guide listing the publications of most of
the historical texts mentioned in this section can be found in
Brock, Studies in Syriac Christianity (Variorum
Reprints, 1992), ch.1,Syriac historical writing: a survey of
the main sources (with Addenda at the end of the volume);
subsequently the following translations have appeared:. W.
Witakowski, Pseudo-Dionysius of Telmahre. Chronicle, Part
III (Liverpool, 1996); A. Harrak, The Chronicle of
Zuqnin, Parts III and IV, AD 488-775 (Toronto, 1999); and
R. Trombley and J. Watt, The Chronicle of Pseudo-Joshua the
Stylite (Liverpool, 2000).In addition, see also W.
Witakowski, The Chronicle of Eusebius: its type and
continuation in Syriac historiography, Aram 11-12
(1999/2000), 419-437, and (for articles on Michael the Great)
Hugoye 3:2 (2000).
pp.179-181. Most of the photographs on these pages
were intruded after the final proofs had been returned.
p.205a. Taken from a photograph presented by Mor
Severios to Alphonse Mingana, now in the Mingana Archive,
Birmingham; on the reverse are the words Souvenir Mr le
Docteur A. Mingana, Paris 24-3-20.
p.224. Ms of 459/60: BL Add. 14512 (palimpsest text
of Isaiah). // Different views about the origins: a
convenient overview is given by B. ter Haar Romeny, The
Peshitta and its rivals, The Harp 11/12 (1999),
21-31.
p.226. Philoxenus: Commentary on the Prologue of
John (ed. A. de Halleux, CSCO Scr. Syri 165; 1977),
p.53.
p.233. Ms of 459/60: see on p.224. // Ms of
463/4: BL Add. 14425.
p.235. Ms of 756: Florence, Plut. 1.40. //
Page of Curetonianus still in Deir es-Suryani: D. McConaughy,
A recently discovered folio of the Old Syriac (Sy c) text of
Luke 16,13 17,1, Biblica 68 (1987), 85-88. //
...probably in 779: rather than 698, as Hatch,
Album, plate 46, gives it. // ...notice
in an academic journal: A.S. Lewis, A leaf stolen from the
Sinai Palimpsest, Expository Times 13 (1901/2),
405-406.
p.237. Quzhaya edition of 1587: the supposed
existence of this may well be based on an misunderstanding;
see J. Nasrallah, LImprimerie au Liban( Harissa, 1948),
1-7.
p.238. An edition of the Syriac Psalter, printed in
Constantinople in 1846, might have been added to this table:
see D.M. Dunlop, A little known Oriental printing press,
Bulletin of the John Rylands Library Manchester 38
(1956), 279-281; a Garshuni narrative about the setting up of
the press in 1845, by Metropolitan Yacqub of
Jerusalem, is to be found in Mignana Syr. 202 (of 1845).
p.239. Buchanan codex: Cambridge Oo.I.1 (12a1 in
the Leiden edition of the Peshitta Old Testament).
p.242. Ms of 1000: BL Add. 17139 [Cat. 224].
// List of biblical readings: BL Add. 14528 (probably
of the early fifth century), ed. F.C. Burkitt, The early
Syriac Lectionary system, Proceedings of the British
Academy (1921/3), 301-338.
p.243. Ms donated in 1260: BL Or. 8729.
p.246. Ps 151 in Lees edition: P. Dirksen, Lees
edition of the Syriac Old Testament and the Psalms, in A.S.
van der Woude (ed.), In Quest of the Past. Studies on
Israelite Religion, Literature and Prophetism
(Oudtestamentische Studien 26; 1990), 63-71.
p.247. Letter of Timothy: see on Vol. II, p.160.
p.248. Polyglot Psalms ms: Cambridge Or. 929, on
which see Brock, A fourteenth-century polyglot Psalter, in
G.E. Kadish and G.E. Freeman (eds), Studies in Philology in
Honour of R.J. Williams (Toronto, 1982), 1-15. //
Psalter belonging to the priest Salib: Rome, Barbarini Or.
2. // Triglot Psalter: ed. N. Pigulevskaya,
Greko-Siro-Arabskaya Rukopis IXv, Palestinskij Sbornik
1(63) (1954), 59-90 (with photographs). // Bilingual
manuscripts, Greek-Syriac: one is now known, among the Greek
New Finds at St Catherines Monastery (X239; Liturgy of St
John Chrysosotom, 12th/13th cent.); see
The New Finds of Sinai (Athens, 1999), p.224. Possibly
others may be found in uncatalogued collections of Melkite
liturgical texts.
p.249. Middle Persian Psalm fragment: F.C. Andreas
and K. Barr, Bruchstcke einer Pehlevi-bersetzung der
Psalmen, in Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der
Wissenschaften 1933, 91-152; P. Gignoux, Lauteur de la
version Pehlevie du Psautier serait-il nestorien?, in F.
Graffin (ed.), Mmorial Mgr Gabriel Khouri-Sarkis
(Louvain, 1969), 231-242. // Sogdian biblical
fragments: M. Schwartz, Sogdian fragments of the Book of
Psalms, Altorientalische Forschungen 1 (1974),
257-261; for New Testament texts, see B.M. Metzger, Early
Versions of the New Testament (Oxford, 1977), 279-281.
// New Persian Psalm fragment: F.W.K. Mller, Ein
syr.-neupersisches Psalmenbruchstck aus Chinesisch-Turkestan,
in Festschrift Eduard Sachau (Berlin, 1915), 215-222.
// Persian Gospel ms of 1341: Oxford, Poc. 241;
this was printed in Waltons Polyglot Bible of 1657.
// Persian Diatessaron: ed. G. Messina, Diatessaron
Persiano (Rome, 1951). In general on the Sogdian and
Persian translations from Syriac, see Encyclopaedia
Iranica 4 (1990), 203, 206-208, 210. //
Illustrations in Persian Diatessaron: M. Schapiro, The
miniatures of the Florence Diatessaron, The Art
Bulletin 55 (1973), 494-531, and K. Nordenfalk, The
Diatessaron miniatures once more, The Art Bulletin 55
(1973), 532-546.
p.250. Ms of 867: ed. H. Staal, Mt Sinai Arabic
Codex 151 (CSCO, Scr. Arab.40-43; 1983-1984) (on this see
Brock, A neglected witness to the East Syriac New Testament
commentary tradition, forthcoming in the Festschrift for Samir
Khalil Samir); Metzger, Early Versions, 261-264.
// Edition by Ibn al-Assal brothers: on
this see K.Samir, La version arabe des vangiles dal-Assad
Ibn al-Assal, in Parole de lOrient 19 (1994),
441-551. // Arabic translation of Job made from
Syrohexapla: ed. W. de Baudissin, Translationis antiquae
arabicae libri Jobi (Leipzig, 1870).
//Ishoczkha: see Brock, Jewish traditions in
Syriac sources, Journal of Jewish Studies 30 (1979),
230 (repr. in Studies in Syriac Christianity (Aldershot,
1992), chapter 4). // Nachmanides: M. Weitzman,
The Syriac Version of the Old Testament (Cambridge,
1999), 161.
p.251. New Testament in Modern Syriac, editions of
1846, 1854, 1864: see Brock, Translating the New Testament
into Syriac (Classical and Modern), in J. Krasovec (ed.),
Interpretation of the Bible (Ljubljana/Sheffield, 1998),
378-383.
p.255. George, Archdeacon of Malabar; from an early
seventeenth-century wallpainting in Angamaly.
p.256. Quotation (at end): Hymns on
Faith82:1.
p.257. The date of the move of the Seat of the
Patriarchate to Damascus should be 1959 (not 1961).
Corrigenda
A number of misprints and errors are to be found in the
English edition (these should have been remedied in the
translations). Of those that could cause confusion, the
following might be noted:
Vol. I
p.10, Table: under SYRIA-PALESTINE read Kingdom of Israel
and Judah.
p.30 mid: read ...y k sh l m d n...
p.45, top caption, line 5: read Elyon.
p.58, under Numbers, line 10: read Athanasius of
Balad.
p.157 mid: read she is evidently the kings sister.
Vol. II
p.230, line 2: read Ahudemmeh.
p.253, mid: in the colophon of 510/511, read Matthew and
Luke.
p.256, line 7: for 1569, read 1565.
p.257, line 6: for 1166, read 1666. line 9: for
1578-79, read 1598-99.
p.260, line 8: after ...1395, read ended for when he
finished....
Alphabet of Bardaisan: see above, in the annotation.
Vol. III
p.63, 11 lines from bottom: read mfasqo.
p.66, 5 lines from end: read Diyarbakir.
p.68, Table 7: read Amid/Diyarbakir. (See also the
annotation, above).
p.89, line 6: read Stuttgart.
p.99, line 3: read Dionysius Isa Grbz; line 5:
read Lnder; 11 lines from end: read
Tauberbischofsheim.
p.100, line 6: read Nordrhein-; and under (7), read
Delbrck and Rheda-Wiedenbrck.
p.103, under FRANCE: read Marseilles.
p.208, line 4 of caption: read 1627...the bottom....
p.261, 4 and 3 lines from bottom: read
Schlicksalschlge and Trkei.
Book Distribution
The English version of the volumes is obtainable from the
Archdiocese of the Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch, 417
E.Fairmount Road, Burbank CA 91501, USA; or from the
Archdiocese of the Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch, 260 Elm
Avenue, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA. For the Dutch and German
translations: St Ephrem Klooster, Glanerbrugstraat 33, 7585 PK
Glane/Losser, The Netherlands. (Swedish and Arabic translations
are also shortly to be published).